Marco Camenisch

Marco Camenisch (born the January 21st 1952 in Campocologno, Grison) is a éco-terrorist Anarchiste Suisse. It currently purges a custodial sentence with Pfäffikon (Zurich) for the murder of a Swiss frontier guard.

Biography

Marco Camenisch was born the January 21st 1952 in Campocologno (Grisons), and grows with Brusio (Grison) where his/her father is customs officer. It early gives up its studies for a training of farmer at the Plantahof school. It becomes Palefrenier with his friend of adolescence, the writer Silvio Huonder.

He becomes member of the “Support group to the fights of the prisoners” and meets Rene Moser (1959).

Antinuclear activism

Camenisch is noticed by the authorities in 1978 following its linked activities with the group Aktion Strafvollzug (“Action execution of the sorrows”).

November 13rd, 1979, Camenisch places a load of artisanal Dynamite on a pylon at high voltage of the electric company Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke (NOK) at Flaesch (Grison). Its attempt fails more or less: the damage is evaluated with CHF 21 ' 500. - (Euro 14 ' 000. -).

The morning of December 25th, 1979, helped of his friend Rene Moser, it starts again while making jump a pylon and the transformers of the power station Hydro-électrique Sarelli close to Bad Ragaz (Saint-Gall), property of NOK. The current is stopped and a fire is declared. The estimate reaches CHF 1 ' 400 ' 000. - (Euro 930 ' 000. -).

Marco Camenisch and Rene Moser are stopped on January 8th, 1980 with Saint-Gall, with “Rene H.”, who took part in the Camouflage of the explosive material. After 14 days of imprisonment to Klosterhof (Saint-Gall), Camenisch is reached of an attack of nerves and must be hospitalized. Once brought back to Klosterhof, it tries to commit suicide. Following these events and confronted with other minor witnesses, Rene Moser recognizes some of the facts.

First lawsuit

January 26th, 1981, with Coire, the lawsuit begins for “criminal use of explosives, infringement to the law on the weaponry, robbery attempt with weapons against a provider of funds to Basle, and of offense against the Federal law on the Stupéfiants”. Rene Moser is considered to be insufficient intellectually by an expertise. The Padrutt prosecutor requires nine years for Marco Camenisch, six years and half for Rene Moser and three years and half for Rene H., as well as damages for amount of CHF 750 ' 000. - each one (Euro 500 ' 000. -), with load of the two principal defendants.

Camenisch and reads a text of 11 pages: “ We wanted to protest against the destruction of a natural zone, against the colonization of the electric Factory of Eastern Switzerland and against the servility of the local authorities ”. He is condemned to ten years of reclusion. Rene Moser is condemned to seven years and half of reclusion, and both with CHF 730 ' 000. - (Euro 486 ' 000. -) of damages. Rene H., who collaborated with justice, sees reducing his sorrow to three years.

A journalist inhabitant of Zurich, Kaspar Wespi, criticize the severity of the sentence: “ It is certain that if the accused of Coire had been judged in Zurich, they would have left there with, in the worst case, half of the sorrow. Within the framework of criminal justice, the principle of the equal treatment is not respected. All depends on the canton where the offenses were made. An unjust decision as that of Coire can cost an accused of the years of prison. It is one of the negative aspects of the Swiss Fédéralisme. ”

Marco Camenisch is immediately transferred from Coire to the prison of Regensdorf (Zurich) to purge its sorrow there.

Escape and mare

In prison, Camenisch binds with the Italian band Red Alfa, culprit of various armed robberies and three Homicides in 1974. The December 17th, 1981, Camenisch and the Red Esparto escape by killing a guard and by wounding some another.

During ten years, Camenisch hides in Italy. He works and lives under the name of Martino close to printing works Anarchiste and environmentalist of Carrare (Tuscan). Under Pseudonym, it on several occasions publishes committed articles which appear in various bulletins Anarchistes.

Return in Switzerland and murder of a customs officer

In autumn 1989, the father of Marco Camenisch dies. The police force determines the funeral for the case where Camenisch would be presented, in vain.

December 3rd, 1989, Camenisch crosses the border. He is recognized with Brusio (Grison) by Swiss frontier guard Kurt Moser, who asks him for his papers. Camenisch leaves a Revolver and cuts down it of three balls in the head, before taking refuge at Pasteur Protesting of Brusio, Franco Scopacasa, friend of his father. Pasteur and his wife lead it until the Press (Grison), from where it can flee towards the Italy. The couple is shown thereafter by the Court of Brusio of obstacle to the proceedings criminal and condemned to three months of detention with deferment. They are discharged years later thanks to the testimony of Camenisch which says them to have constrained.

A witness of the murder claims to have recognized Marco Camenisch, and the Switzerland-Germanic daily newspaper Blick publishes its photograph on first page. Later, the witness will retract while affirming only not to have heard the shots. The doubt is installed on the culpability of Camenisch, instilled by its partisans, and by making a “Martyr of the State”. Camenisch remains in mare still two years.

Capture and Italian lawsuit

November 5th, 1991, on the road of Cinquale di Montignoso (Tuscan), Marco Camenisch is controlled by the Carabiniers in company of Giancarlo Sergianpietri a “comrade of the typography” (Italian anarchistic newspaper). It leaves its Revolver and draws, wounding one of the soldiers; the response makes him jump the Rotule and divides to him the nervous terminations on the level of the Mollet. One finds on him two firearms and six rudimentary bombs with hand. It is taken along to the hospital of Pisa (Tuscan) where there remain 6 months, then with the infirmary of the prison San Vittore to Milan (Lombardy).

The Public ministry of the District of Dielsdorf (Zurich) and the Public ministry of the Grisons decree a warrant for arrest and claim its Extradition for Homicide on a prison warder, attempt at Homicide on another and Homicide on a frontier guard; Camenisch is opposed to it, and the Court of Massed advertisement that Camenisch, qualified “Terroriste the most dangerous international”, answers several crimes committed in Italy. It is personally marked of Lésion engraves on a Carabinier and detention of false paper, and, jointly with Sergianpietri, of detention of two firearms and six bombs with hand, flight of car, substitution of number plates and a score of Attentat S made in three years against electric lines and an aerial of the SPOKE, as of a “explosive trap” against the police force (it would seem that Camenisch had envisaged using the explosives to make a Hold-up at the post office of Massed; he in particular declared with the judges that he wanted “to die while fighting”).

The lawsuit begins on June 5th, 1992. Camenisch rejects all the charges and refuses the dialog with justice, being regarded as “political prisoner”. It is satisfied “to reaffirm its identity and the reasons of its irremediable dissension with this dictatorial company and consommo-fascist”. The bail is refused to him. The prosecutor claims fifteen years of reclusion and the National organization for Electrical energy (Enel), victim of the attacks, constitutes civil Partie to claim 500 million liras (Euro 250 ' 000. -).

April 4th, 1993, at the end ten months of lawsuit, Camenisch is condemned to twelve years of reclusion in the prison of Biella (Piedmont) and to 250 million reading (Euro 125 ' 000. -) of damages in favor of the Enel.

In several countries, anarchistic organizations claim its release and denounce “the injustice of its situation”. It maintains a correspondence with his friend childhood, the writer Silvio Huonder who, between 2000 and 2001, realizes in collaboration with Daniel von Aarburg and the German company Dschoint Ventschr Filmproduktion documentary televisual on his own voyage, Camenisch - put dem Kopf durch die Wand (“the Head through the wall”); it illustrates the ideology of “return to the roots” among its former accomplices, the friends and the victims of Camenisch, passes by Coire and ends in a visit of the prisoner in Italy. Camenisch rejects the documentary one finalized and diffused in 2001 qu' it finds “makes indignant”, not restoring with its right value its influence on the groups Anarchiste S of Switzerland, Italy and elsewhere.

Extradition towards Switzerland and new lawsuit

In April 2002, after having purged its sorrow, Marco Camenisch is Extradé in Suisse in the prison of Regensdorf to purge the eight years remaining of its first judgment.

Its second Swiss lawsuit takes place with Zurich, where it risks the imprisonment with life for the murder of the frontier guard. Its Swiss lawyer, Me Bernard Rambert, declares: “ Marco was already condemned in Switzerland to ten years of prison, a too heavy sorrow. With a similar sentence, it was punished for the actions of all the movement Antinucléaire. What pushed it to enter in conflict with the State, with the system Capitaliste. ”.

The lawsuit begins May 10th, 2004. It is marked by demonstrations which oblige the authorities to reinforce safety around the court: two days earlier, 98 people had been stopped during a protest demonstration with Zurich; members of Black Block S and Italian organizations Anarchiste S were listed, making fear for the safety of the Court of Assizes.

The revolver found on Camenisch during its arrest with Cinquale di Montignoso proves to be the weapon which killed Kurt Moser.

June 4th, 2004, Marco Camenisch is recognized guilty of Assassinat and is condemned to 17 years of reclusion and CHF 100 ' 000. - (Euro 66 ' 000. -) of compensation for the widow and the son for his victim. Its responsibility in the assassination for the prison warder in 1981 on the other hand is not recognized.

May 1st, 2005, two recourse are deposited, at the Court of appeal of the canton of Zurich, for violation of the procedural rules (shown balls of revolver as evidence would not be those used during the murder), and with the Federal court on the proportionality of the sorrow (the twelve years of prison spent to Italy would not have been taken into account).

February 10th, 2006, the Court of cassation of the canton of Zurich rejects the first recourse and confirms the judgment, estimating that it is impossible that the evidence was handled. The answer of the Federal court is not yet known.

Quotations

“There could not be equality as long as will exist the private property and the official capacity. Justice and equality have the same significance, i.e. parity of the rights and the duties” 1981

“To fight belonged to my nature, it is a duty just like to be free is a duty. If somebody says to me that I have rights, it is as if he said to me that I am his slave. Freedom, for me, means as and especially as nobody chooses with my place, that I would be not constrained to choose for others, that I would not be obliged to choose, but that I know to what I belong, which is right and false, beyond the good and of the mal." 2002

“I am interdependent of resistance against the Nuclear plants, of social resistance and ecologist and of the revolutionary fight of social release against the domination of class and the exploitation of the man and nature. ”

“Considering that you listen to only the guns, that you other languages, we do not include/understand prefer to turn over the guns against you. ”

Combined of Camenisch

Germany: Armed Rote Fraktion (RAF)
Belgium: Anarchist black cross-country race, Fighting Communist Cells, Red Help/APAPC
France: Direct action, Red Help
Italy: Red Esparto, Red Brigades, Comrades of the Typography

History of the attacks and anarchistic demonstrations related to Marco Camenisch

This list of events is not exhaustive and requires to be supplemented.

; 1979

November 13rd - Flaesch (Grison) - a pylon of NOK falls close to the border to the Liechtenstein.
December 25th - Bad Ragaz (Grison) - Attack with the explosive against the Sarelli power station of NOK close to Bad Ragaz. Rene Moser and Marco Camenisch are stopped and condemned.

; 1981

November 12th - Flaesch (Grison) - the pylon at the border of the Liechtenstein falls again, exactly two years after Camenisch, per same hour.

; 1991

1981 to 1991 - Italy - Thirty pylons are destroyed during this period. Marco Camenisch will be held for person in charge of part of these attacks.

; 2002

September 13rd - Italy - anarchists ravel in ten city, of which Rome and Milan. The same day, other anarchists express in front of the Ambassade of Suisse to Madrid.
November - Florence (Tuscan) - anarchists express in favor of Marco Camenisch at the time of the Social forum of Florence. The police force supervises in particular the consulate Suisse.

; 2003

January 16th - Paris - “Fire with the prisons”, “Marco Libero”, “Free Camenisch”, “Flight, plundering, sabotage”, “freedom for all and all”, “against this world and its prisons”, of the logos of bomb and of ringed are tagués with Paris on the frontages of the Swiss arts center, the Swiss Ambassade and the Swiss Chamber of commerce, like in their neighborhoods.
January 16th - Ghent (Eastern Flanders) - Joining of solidarity with Camenisch.
January 18th - Buenos Aires - Camenisch starts a Hunger strike. Joining of leaflets on Swiss Air and in the neighborhoods of the Swiss Embassy.
January 18th - Brussels - the Red Help Belgian and the Anarchist black cross-country race of Ghent call with a gathering of solidarity with Camenisch in front of the Chancellerie of Switzerland. The police force disperses them.
January 20th - Santa Lucia (Tuscan) - Fire of a relay of telephone Albacom. Action asserted in solidarity with Camenisch in an official statement sent to the local newspaper “It Tirreno di Viareggio” (according to the Italian press).
January 21st - Abetone (Tuscan) - the unknown ones make jump the installations of ski lifts of the ski station of Abetone as well as antennas of relay in two other places. On the walls of the installations concerned, the investigators find graffiti with the glory of Marco Camenisch.
January 22nd - Pietrasanta (Tuscan) - Fire of a relay of telephone Wind. On a nearby wall, one can read “Marco Libero” and to find ringed.
January 24th - Genoa (Ligurie) - inscriptions in the honor of Camenisch are made on the walls of the building which shelters the Consulate-general of Genoa and in the neighbouring streets.
January 25th - Davos (Grison) - Intervention with the microphone of the mediacenter in favor of Camenisch, many graffiti and streamer on a train.
January 25th - Spezia (Ligurie) - Streamer of solidarity towards Camenisch at the time of the demonstration Antimilitarist.
January 28th - Bergamo (Lombardy) - a television relay station of the SPOKE burns in the night. The inscriptions “Marco Marina Vincenzo liberi” and “relay = dead” are found on a wall of the corner.
1^er February - Milan - Demonstration in front of the Swiss consulate , then gathering in front of a store Benetton. One can read on the streamers of the first: “your attacks they are the prisons”, “not with the 41bis, insulation, torture” and “the éco-attacks they are the chemical plants, the environmental disasters are the eggs explicit with the sabotage of [[Abetone] of January 21st, 2003 which devastated eggs of the cable car] of opulence”. The leaflet distributed in front of the consulate claims in particular freedom for Camenisch and all.
1^er February - Barcelona - tags are painted on the frontage of the company Multinationale Zurich Assurance (seat in Switzerland): “Abolition of the prison, free and wild Camenisch, with bottom nuclear power”.
February 9th - Coire - Demonstration against the prisons and in solidarity with Camenisch.
February 11th - Pieve di Teco (Ligurie) - a relai of the company of cellphones Omnitel burns. The inscription “Marco Libero” is found on a cabin of the corner.
February 12th - Paris - Several shops of origin Suisse are aimed, in particular at Adia, Adecco and Lord Continental: the locks of the main doors are stopped with the cold welding or cement, and of the windows are bent “Marco Libero”, “Solidarity with the captive ones in fight”, “Marco, Switzerland destroys you, we damage Switzerland”.
November 3rd - Brussels - the Red Help Belgian and the Anarchist black cross-country race of Ghent gather again in front of the Chancellerie of Suisse in favor of Camenisch. The police force intervenes once again. The Red Secours takes note of the impossibility which is made to him express and will draw from them the suitable conclusions in its action from support for the “militants Communistes, Ouvrier, Anarchistes, Antifascistes and Anti-impérialistes confronted with middle-class repression ”.
November 5th - Paris - the Swiss agency of interim Adia receives kingpins. The following text was left on the spot: “Against the exploiteurs and the screws in all kind: Fire! Solidarity with Marco Camenisch and all the prisoners in fight”.

; 2004

1^er May - Zurich - Demonstration of solidarity with Camenisch.
May 5th - Dijon (Gold Coast) - Bendings in solidarity with Camenisch on various Swiss representations : the Swiss Consulate, as well as an agency Zurich Insurances.
May 7th - Sergnano (Lombardy) - a powerplant of an antenna of cellphone Snam is burnt. On the spot, a tag specifies “Libertà per Marco Camenisch”.
May 8th - Zurich - Demonstration of solidarity with Camenisch.
May 14th - Travedona-Monate (Lombardy) - Fire of a relay of cellphones asserted in solidarity with Camenisch.
May 25th - Zurich - an bomb attack flamer is made against the tower of transmission of television German-speaking Switzerland SF DRS on Uetliberg. Sympathizers of Camenisch assert the act.
June 29th - Zurich - the seat of AG, a company controlled by Axpo, and Degussa CIAG, in the building of the Autonomous Kulturwerkstatt Wohlgroth, is visited. The windows of the ground floor are broken and the message “VI faremo saltare, free Marco” (you will jump) on the spot left. The building that they occupy was one of largest the squatt of Zurich in the beginning of the year 1990.
July 19th - Saliceto di Cadeo (Piedmont) - Two pylons being used for the telephone explode. On the spot, two bendings specified: Sharp “War with the harmful effects”, “Carlo” and “Marco Libero”.

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