Marcel Ichac

A consecrated life with the adventure and the cinema

Wire of the financial journalist Eugene Ichac, Marcel Ichac, studies with the Arts déco, and begins its career as illustrator, advertizing executive and journalist (in particular of the reports, the photographs, the photomontages in famous the Magazine CONSIDERING, of which the photomontage of Fin of a civilization , largely mediatized. After having played in 1933 with his wife, the mountaineer Gabrielle Lartigue, in a film on the mountain, it decides to pass on other side of the camera. As from 1934, it is devoted to the cinema and photography. Its work is spread in several directions:

The explorer

Marcel Ichac is the quasi-official scenario writer of great French explorations of years 1930 at the years 1950, qu ' he accompanied through the Earth.

Marcel Ichac is the only mountaineer to belong to the first two French forwardings in the Himalayas, 1936 and 1950.

Karakoram . The first French forwarding in the the Himalayas took place in 1936, directed by Henry de Ségogne, with Pierre Allain, Raymond Leininger, Jean Carle, Jean Deudon, Marcel Ichac, Jean Charignon, Louis Neltner, Jacques Azémar and the doctor Jean Arlaud. After a long walk of approach through quasi-desert areas, then on the immense glacier of the Baltoro, the caravan of 700 carriers arrives at the feet of the Hidden Peak, one of the tops of 8.000 meters of the sphere. The early arrival of the Mousson will deprive the French, assembled to 7.000 meters, of their victory. Marcel Ichac brought back for this epopee a great classic of the cinema of exploration, the film Karakoram (1936, gone up in 1986).

Annapurna . In 1950, France launches the one second forwarding to the Himalayas, with Maurice Herzog, Louis Lachenal, Lionel Terray, Gaston Rébuffat, Jean Couzy, Marcel Ichac (only " rescapé" forwarding of 1936), Marcel Schatz, Jacques Oudot, Francis de Noyelle. They are the first Europeans to be penetrated in this area of the central Nepal, until now closed the abroads. It will thus be necessary initially to explore the area and to correct the existing charts. Marcel Ichac, who does not form part of the cords of attack, plays a crucial role for the correction of the charts. Its geographical and geological observations will be worth the price of the to him Academy of Science in 1951. After the victory of Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, it is the retirement of wounded under the Mousson. The forwarding of the Annapurna will have rententissement enormous. It is not only the first top of 8.000 meters conquered by the Man, but it was also, for the French, a victory of world range, only five years after the end of the war. Books (the log book of Marcel Ichac will be used with Maurice Herzog for the drafting as Annapurna First 8000 ), film ( Victoire on the Annapurna of Marcel Ichac (1950)), photographs, conferences, make winners of Annapurna of the national heroes,

Greenland . Marcel Ichac crossed Paul-Emile Victor at the end of the years 1930, with the alpine Club French and the Société of the French explorers. In 1949, Marcel Ichac is member of the countryside of the French polar Expéditions (EPF). One year after the first preparatory countryside of the EPF, it is a question this time of rejoining the heart of the Inlandsis and of building an underground scientific station there making it possible a small team to winter. An experiment already tried in 1930-1931 by Germans, but who had finished tragically. Marcel Ichac and his assistant Jean-Jacques Languepin carry out the film Greenland, 20.000 miles on the ices , which reports the forwarding and the installation of the station (See extracts of film assembled for the French Current events of October 10th, 1949: ).

underwater Exploration : the family Cousteau and Ichac bound to Megève in 1942. Marcel Ichac and Jacques-Yves Cousteau had identical objectives: to make discover with the general public, by their films, of the inaccessible places: the high mountain and entrails of the ground for Ichac, the sea-bed for Cousteau. Marcel Ichac and Jacques-Yves Cousteau will be two of the three prizes winner of the documentary film Congress of 1943. Consequently will be established, beyond the friendship between the two families, an episodical but faithful co-operation over more than one quarter century. In 1948, at the time of cruising in the Mediterranean of the Élie Monnier , ship of exploration entrusted to Cousteau by the National marine, Marcel Ichac Co-realizes with Jacques-Yves Cousteau and its team the film Carnet of diving . In 1950, Marcel Ichac helps Cousteau to repair the quasi-wreck which will become Calypso . In 1952, Marcel Ichac belongs to the team of Calypso at the time of discovered galère of the Large-Congloué . Marcel Ichac then will help with the realization of the film-high-speed motorboat of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Monde of silence , initially by taking part in preparatory cruising in Red Sea in 1954, then, during turning in 1955, by taking delivery of in Paris the reels of film progressively to alert the team on the errors with recadrer. Marcel Ichac will make during the turning of film the first diving under navy under the ice. With the turning of the years 1950-1960, Ichac and Cousteau help themselves financially to produce their respective films. In 1968, Marcel Ichac takes part in Cousteau forwarding in the the Andes. It is a question of seeking the treasure of the Incas at the bottom of the Lac Titicaca. Marcel Ichac carries out the film the legend of the lake Titicaca , episode of the underwater Odyssey of the commander Cousteau .

Speleology : Marcel Ichac launches out in the Spéléologie in 1935, with friends of the Groupe of Bleau, before being, at the beginning of 1936, founding member of the Spéléo-club of Paris. Marcel Ichac brings to speleology his knowledge to make technical and his principles of cinema already applied successfully to the world of the mountain. He thus carries out the first films Documentaires of speleology in the world. Its film Sounders of abysses (turned in 1943 in the Vercors), is regarded as first film of speleology in the world. The documentary one turned in 1947 with the Dead Henne with in particular Norbert Casteret (integrated in the film the Key of the fields 1941-1948) and Padirac, river of the night (turned in 1948 with the Pit of Padirac) are regarded as the first on line filmed reports of speleological exploration.

the Middle East and Mecque . In 1939, Marcel Ichac leaves to Raising. Its film Missions of France (1939), presents the work of France overseas, in particular in Syria and Lebanon. In 1939-1940, Marcel Ichac leaves to carry out a report on the Pèlerinage of Mecque. It is a question this time of countering the propaganda Nazi, which tries to assemble the French empire against the Métropole, by showing the freedom of the Musulmans of North Africa of going to Mecque, and this in spite of the state of war. The film, carried out with the approval of Ibn Séoud, is made all the same under rocambolesques and difficult conditions. Pilgrims of Mecque (1940), is thus the first complete report on the pilgrimage of Mecque.

the round the world tour in 84 days: the film Round the world tour express train (1954).

The mountaineer

Impassioned mountain dice the middle of the years 1920, Marcel Ichac then will belong to the small circle of the mountaineer Parisian which are found the weekend in the Forêt of Fontainebleau (the Groupe of Bleau) and during their holidays in the the Alps. It carries out many races, some first, and takes part in the drafting of the Guides Vallot. Marcel Ichac is thus at the same time an actor and witness of key moments of the French alpinism, to which it devotes many articles, photographs and films:

the Group of Bleau and blossoming of the movement of the Without guides of the years 1930, dominated by the personality of Pierre Allain.
Then the generation of the post-war period (Lionel Terray, Louis Lachenal, Gaston Rébuffat, etc) which marks the international dedication of the French alpinism.
birth of the Himalayisme French in 1936 and 1950 (to read higher).

Accompanying with more close the mountaineer, Ichac wishes to share with the public the motivation and the psychology of the mountaineer, the technique and the beauty of the gesture of the climbing one. Its principal Films of mountain is:

With the attack of the Needles of the Devil , with the famous guide Armand Charlet (1942).
Stars of midday (1959) .avec in particular Lionel Terray and Rene Desmaison, which remains the great classic of the Cinéma of mountain.
the Conqueror of useless the in homage to his/her friend Lionel Terray (1966).
Marcel Ichac also will film the highest combat of the second world war, at the sides of FFI of the the Alps, until the release of Turin by the allied troops ( Tempête on the Alps in 1944-45.

The popularization of the ski in France

Marcel Ichac will accompany by his films, his photographs, of his reports, the all beginnings of the popularization of the Ski in France in the years 1930. In particular at the time of the Popular front, whereas the public authorities encourage the discovery of the outdoor. To the social concerns and of public health, is added an obvious patriotic stake whereas the tensions continue in Europe. It is a question of removing with the Austria and the Germany the quasi-monopoly whose these countries enjoyed in the field the ski. The French sportsmen, the French technique of ski, the French ski stations carry out remarkable openings then. Marcel Ichac will make known them with the general public. He directly attacks the Germanic cinema, which dominates the Cinéma of mountain, by carrying out first large French film of ski ( white Poursuites , 1936) intended to compete with the productions of Arnold Fanck, Leni Riefenstahl and Luis Trenker.

The work of Marcel Ichac then forms a coherent unit which will contribute to launching the ski to France.

of the reports on the Championships of the World of ski: Plays of the world in 1937 with Chamonix, Championships of Engelberg in 1938 with Engelberg, Zakopane 1939 in Poland, then Gods of the ski in 1947 with Chamonix, Ski in Colorado in 1950 with Aspen. These films reveal into 1937-1938 the first French champions of ski (Emile Allais, James Couttet).
of films of “tourist propaganda” (financed by the railroad companies) to incite the French to leave to discover the mountain ( Snows of the south in the the Pyrenees, 300 days with the sun for the Hautes-Alpes, Snows of Auvergne , Snows of France ).
of the reports of sporting education (the diffusion of the French technique incarnated by Emile Went) to learn how to the French to ski and also to popularize the French method of ski, young rival of the Austrian method which reigned until there without division: Lives the ski (1935), French Ski (1938), Ski of France (1947), then Voici the light ski-Christiana (1957).
Of films of sporting exploits to make dream: Ski of Spring (1934), 4100 rise with ski of the Jewel cases (1934), Of Nice to Mont Blanc with ski (1935).
Doctor of snows (1942), intended to incite the young people to remain to live in mountain. It is the first film in which the future realizer Gerard Oury will play, hitherto actor of theater.
the Key of the Fields (1942-1947), intended to popularize in a broader way the sports of outdoor near French (ski, mountain, camp-site, etc).
50 years or life of a skier (1972), the film report of the French ski.

Documentary techniques

Marcel Ichac carries out in the years a 1940-1950 series of documentary techniques. Particularly films on the technique of aluminum realized for Pechiney. It is in one of these films that Jean-Louis Trintignant took her first steps with the cinema.

A innovating scenario writer

From 1934, Marcel Ichac played a part in the innovation with the cinema and, this, in several fields.

A pioneer of the subjective camera and cinema truth

Marcel Ichac will revolutionize film of mountain, in particular by taking part in technical innovations such as the principle of the subjective Caméra, becoming thus a pioneer of the Cinéma truth and Docu-fiction.

The Ichac method would not have been possible without its decision to use out of their initial context of the light cameras initially planned for a very specific use. Consequently, the technical innovations can be connected: “Ichac will very early reform all the academic rules of the art of the documentary one. And due: visionary who is unaware of himself, it has with-priori technique, lightness. (.) Marcel Ichac all will upset while having, like he says, “the only idea of his life”: at the flea market, the young man buys a Caméra German portable used for ethnographic films. In shoulder-belt, the case is hardly more cumbersome than a backpack. Ichac then can encorder him also, it can be armed with an ice axe, it can be made mountaineer and scenario writer at the same time. The Documentaire of mountain “is invented”. But clever Ichac east is only at its beginnings. They are still the years 1930 when it fixes its camera - “subjective” as it is qualified - on skis in order to better give an account of the impression speed. ” .

These innovations, standardized nowadays, do not go from oneself in 1934. Like explioque the acrivain of mountain Pierre Minvielle, ““In these times there (in the years 1930), the professional operators moved with large electrical motor cameras. The weight of the camera, of the batteries, without counting the foot and films, empéchaient the operator to circulate. ” (explained Marcel Ichac). With its portable camera, Ichac, it, will be able to keep a skier in his field during several seconds; it will be able to also move on a wall to follow the climbing one. It will be in the middle of the action, beside the sportsman. ” .

The light material authorizes the scenario writer then to be immersed in the action to immerse in its turn the spectator there. “Marcel Ichac seems the contemporary of Robert Flaherty and Joris Ivens. But what differentiates it from all the others, it is the capacity which it has to go to seek testimony in the most adventurous places: on the glaciers, in the walls of the needles of Chamonix, later in the valleys of Karakoram and the large Himalayas; but also in the prohibited enclosure of Ka' Ba with Mecque, the bottom of the pits, in the middle of the combat or in the Greenlandic inslandis. ” .

The final objective is well to make compete the force of the truth with the artificial character of the fiction: “It will be the revenge of modest the Documentary film to see some of its images leaving impressions major than such dramatic scene of a large film whose artificial beauty is dissipated as soon as the return to the light put an end to the enchantment of the screen. ” writes it in 1936 (about White the Poursuites film).

Consequently, the Ichac method is launched. The historian of mountain Yves Ballu explains: “Marcel Ichac made school; not simply because he was the first French scenario writer of mountain, but especially because having approached the cinema as a professional, i.e. with the requirements of a true cinematographic writing (scenario, framing, put in scene), he did not disavow his vocation of mountaineer, leaving with the mountain its full dimension. In particular, he always endeavoured to turn the various sequences to the place and hour when they were supposed to take place. This requirement taken again by his/her own collaborators (Jacques Ertaud, Jean-Jacques Languepin, Rene Vernadet, etc) became a label: that of the authenticity”. .

The introduction of the requirement of truth even within its rare works of fiction, will also make of Ichac the pioneer of new cinematographic kinds:

“Marcel Ichac will turn his scenes closest to its subject, suspended at the end of a cord near the Chamoniard guide and of its second of cord, and will inaugurate with this film a cinema “truth” of mountain which one will find the principle in his future productions. ” .
“Ichac had invented a kind: the docu-fiction ” explains, in connection with the film the Stars of midday the realizer of cinema and television Jacques Ertaud.

Another innovations (music, cinemascope.)

Marcel Ichac is interested in all the aspects of the cinema, as the realizer Jacques Ertaud explains it: “It very learned to me: the catch of sight, the assembly, the sound recording, the writing of a film, the choice of the musics. He was a true craftsman, with large has, able to entirely make a film without the assistance of anybody. It was for me a marvellous school.” .

Consequently, Marcel Ichac takes part in several innovations of the cinema:

It is the first in France to carry out a film in Cinémascope (“Nouveaux Horizons” in 1953). The review Research explains: " the impression of depth disappears since the camera is static. Marcel Ichac, who had attended the United States with the projection of " This is Cinerama" , account of this characteristic had taken when it had turned Nouveaux horizons. The report of the projection of its film before the technical higher Commission (CST) indicated indeed: " The members of the CST could note during projection that Mr. Ichac had perfectly included/understood for this first film the use which can be made process of Professor CHrétien and which it knew to give to the spectators this pseudo-relief obtained by the repetition of the front dolly, back and side dolly; the spectators indeed had a strong impression of detached plans, impression which disappeared with projection from the Tunic (.) Many criticisms which had assisted in December 1953 with the projection of two films had noticed indeed that the Tunic was much less convincing from this point of view. "
Since 1936, for the music of film “Karakoram”, it chooses a music of Pierre Vellones played Ondes Martenot, which mark the beginning of the synthetizers of music.
In 1958, it is the first to entrust to the future large type-setter film musics Maurice Jarre the partition of a feature-length film ( Stars of midday ).
It initiates with the cinema the realizers Jacques Ertaud, Jean-Jacques Languepin, Robert Enrico and makes make their first films with Gerard Oury and Jean-Louis Trintignant.

Rewards of the world cinema

Marcel Ichac receives for his work the highest world rewards:

Lion of money to the Mostra of Venice for “Karakoram” (1937).
Preceded with the Cannes festival (for five films presented), in particular for “Greenland, 20.000 miles on the ices” (1952) (see the handing-over of the prices: .
Grand Prix of the French cinema (ancestor of Césars, but there were one and single price per annum, all confused categories) for “Stars of Midday” (1959).
Oscar of short-measuring in Hollywood in 1964 for “the River of the owl”, of which he will be producer (realization of Robert Enrico) () (See film: . Images of film: ). Several other films in which it took part will be selected or preceded with the Oscars: " Le Monde of Silence " of Cousteau, of which it will be adviser technical, is preceded with the Oscars 1957; " The Link and Chaîne" (" The Link and the Chain") realized by Jacques Ertaud and Bernard Gorki, of which he will be coproducer, is selected with the Oscars 1964, etc).
its films were preceded in the film festivals of mountain and adventure (Thirty, Banff, Diablerets, Cortina d' Ampezzo, etc).

Marcel Ichac is also member of the jury of the Cannes festival for court-measurings in 1951 (), 1955 () and 1966 ().

A sportsman in a family group devoted to exploration

Marcel Ichac is an excellent skier and mountaineer (it carried out first in the the Alps and the the Himalayas). At 70 years, it launches out in the race on foot, running several times the Marathon of New York, this up to 80 years.

It is in fact all the family group of Marcel Ichac, welded by the sisters and cousins Lartigue - Picamilh, which will be devoted to the mountain and exploration during the 20th century. A group reinforced by the common friendships within the Group of Bleau, which gathered the weekend the Parisian mountaineers distant from their " expensive montagnes".

Marcel Ichac is thus the husband of Garielle Lartigue-Ichac, one of the pionnières of the alpinism without female guide. The mountaineer Maurice Herzog written: “the woman is always the principal danger to the mountaineer! It is a truth first for us all. Ichac, for its account, solved the problem: he married a alpiniste" . Very young entry, with his/her sisters, with the beginning of the year 1930 in the Group of Bleau, where it meets Marcel Ichac, Gabrielle Ichac is member of GHM, elite of the world alpinism. The general Alain Ray (first chief of the Maquis of Vercors and ordering alpine Division) explains: “Among its many races, it registers with its prize list the Grépon with back, the crossing of Small with the Grand Thickly, the western edge of Meije, the Trident, the first female ones of the northern edge of the Hanging-post, of the Dibona by the south, of the western edge of the northern peak of the Mares which it climbed at the head. (…) Brilliant skier for her time (it had gained the women's downhill of the Championships of Paris), it achieves inter alia the long crossings of the Oberland and of the Valais. That does not astonish today any more, of course. But two generations should be referred behind. The way was hardly open. ” .

Marcel Ichac is also the brother of Pierre Ichac (photographer, scenario writer, explorer, international reporter and large expert of Africa) and the brother-in-law of Pierre Chevalier (one of the principal French speleologists, member of GHM) and of Régis Artru (mountaineer Grenoble-native, member of GHM).

The work of Marcel Ichac

Films of Marcel Ichac

As a realizer:

Ski of spring (1934). The school of the Parisian alpine ski-club (Scap) to the Glacier of Argentière, with in particular Roger Clipping-Rock, Jean Carle, Armand Charlet, etc).
4100, rise with ski of the Jewel cases (1934).
Of Nice to Mont Blanc (1935) a long-distance ski trek of 300 kilometers.
Lives the ski! (1935). Promotion of the Alpine skiing (technical, competitions of 1935, etc).
white Continuations (1936). First large French film of Alpine skiing vis-a-vis the German productions wanted to be.
Karakoram . Film of the first French forwarding in the Himalayas. Grand Prix of documentary with the Festival of Venice in 1938 (money Lion) and gold medal of the World Fair of 1937 to Paris.
Snows of the south (1937). The ski in the the Pyrenees.
Plays of the world (1937). The Championships of the world of Alpine skiing of 1937 with Chamonix.
300 Days with the sun (1937). Tourism in the Hautes-Alpes.
French Ski (1938). Instructional film of the French technique of Alpine skiing.
Engelberg 1938 (1938). The Championships of the world of Alpine skiing 1938.
Snows of Auvergne (1938). The ski in Auvergne.
36 candles (1938). Humorous film on the ski.
Snows of France (1939). The ski in France. French film more projected with the World Fair of New York in 1939.
Zakopane 1939 . The Championships of the world of Alpine skiing 1939 in Poland (unfinished film…)
Mission of France (1939). The presence of France in the world, in particular in Syria - Lebanon (for the World Fair of New York).
Pilgrims of Mecque (1940). First documentary film reporting the pilgrimage of Mecque.
the Doctor of snows (1941). Film of fiction, first film in which plays Gerard Oury.
With the Attack of the Needles of the Devil (1942), Grand Prix of the documentary film 1943 and Coupe town of Cortina d' Ampezzo (Italy) in 1952. The account of a remade rise famous a few years afterwards for its author, celebrates it guide Armand Charlet.
the key of the fields (1941-1947). Film with the glory of the life in the open air (Alpinism, Camp-site, Speleology with the Dead Henne, etc).
the welding of aluminum (1942), the French Industry of aluminum (1942) and others.
Sounders of abysses (1943). Probably the first documentary one of Speleology in the world.
Storm on the Alps (1944-1945). The only filmed testimony of the highest combat of the Second world war.
Quickly and light (1945). The contribution of aluminum in sports equipment.
Ski of France (1947). French technique of Alpine skiing. The film receives the Cut of the FISI to the congress of Cortina d' Ampezzo (Italy) of March 1949.
Gods of the ski (1947). The international Week of ski of Chamonix.
Central of carling-Collieries of Lorraine (1948).
Ski in Colorado (1950). Championships of the world of ski with Aspen.
Notebook of diving , Co-realized with Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1948), presented to the Cannes festival. In competition with the Cannes festival 1951.
Padirac, river of the night (1948). One of the first documentary ones of speleological exploration in the world. The film receives the gold medal of Coni (Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano) to the festival of Cortina d' Ampezzo of 1950.
Vite and light (about 1948?). Promotion of aluminum.
Victoire on Annapurna (turned in 1950). The testimony of the first victorious forwarding of a top of more than 8.000 meters. The film receives the Diploma of merit to the festival of Edinburgh in 1953 and one Money Rhododendron, special price for the realization with the Festival of Thirty in 1954. It is selected with the Cannes festival 1953.
Greenland, 20.000 miles on the ices , Grand Prix of documentary of the Cannes festival 1952. Testimony of the French polar Forwardings of Paul-Emile Victor (,).
New Horizons (1952). First French films in Cinemascope. Grand Prix of the technical Commission to the Cannes festival 1954.
Round the world tour express train (1954). A round the world tour carried out in 84 days.
Via north pole (1954). Air routes of the future.
Pechiney (1955). First appearance with the screen of Jean-Louis Trintignant.
This metal is 100 years old (1955). Promotion of aluminum.
dances of Tami (1955, turned during the forwarding of the Annapurna in 1950).
Here the ski, light christiana (1957). The French novel method of Alpine skiing.
Stars of Midday (1958), Grand Prix of the French cinema 1959, Grand Prix of the town of Thirty, absolute Reward to the International festival of film of Mountain and Exploration 1959, Trophy Enrico Orlandi of the Club alpino italiano (CAI), Cut of the prefect of Belluno to the festival of sporting Film of Cortina d' Ampezzo, official film selected to represent France with the International festival of film of Berlin 1959 (see also,).
Fria (1960). Aluminum in Guinea.
the Conqueror of useless the (1967). Biography of Lionel Terray. Preceded with the festival of Thirty 1966, preceded with the Festival of Diablerets, selected Cannes festival 1967 (except competition), price of best historical film on the mountain with the festival of Banff (Canada) (1982) (see also).
the legend of the lake Titicaca (1968), Co-realized with Jacques-Yves Cousteau.
50 years or life of a skier (1970). History of the ski in France.
Karakoram, 1936-1986 (1968). Only example of a film remade by its author 50 years after his turning.
(to be supplemented)

As a producer:

the River of the owl realized by Robert Enrico (1962), Palm of gold of short-measuring of the festival of Cannes 1962 and Oscar of the best short-measuring of fiction to Hollywood in 1963 (allotted to personal capacity with Marcel Ichac).
the Link and the chain ( The link and the chain ) realized by Jacques Ertaud and Bernard Gorki (1963), selected with the Oscar of the best documentary film 1963.
Le Monde without sun realized by Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1964), Oscar of the best documentary film 1964 ().
Total Ski (1961) of Jacques Ertaud.

As a technical adviser or an assistant:

the green Needle , produced by Samivel about 1934.
Le Monde of silence realized by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Louis Malle (1956), Palm of gold of the Cannes festival 1956, Oscar of the best documentary film 1956 ().

As an actor:

Alpinism (1933). Film of Mr. Coutisson and the alpine Club French.

Books written by Marcel Ichac

With the attack of the Needles of the Devil , 1945, ED. Jean Knew. Account of the turning of the film éponyme.
Glances towards Annapurna , 1951, ED. Arthaud. Deliver photographs of the forwarding of 1950 realized by Marcel Ichac, Maurice Herzog and Gaston Rébuffat.
When the Stars of Midday shine, 1960, ED. Arthaud. Account of the turning of the film Stars of Midday like memories and profession of faith on the Cinema of mountain of Marcel Ichac.
Of the photographs in Greenland 1948-1949 (album-photo of the first forwarding EPF in Greenland), ED. Arthaud, 1951. Texts of Paul-Emile Victor, photographs of Jean-Jacques Languepin, Marcel Ichac, Jacques Masson.

Articles written by Marcel Ichac

Many articles of which:

“polar Snows and ices. Shortened relation of French forwarding in Greenland of 1949 ”, in Snow and Glace , n°263, December 1949 ().

References

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