Marcel Duchamp - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Marcel Duchamp , born with Blainville-Crevon (Seine-Maritime) the July 28th 1887 and died in Neuilly-sur-Seine (Hauts-de-Seine) the October 2nd 1968, is a painter and sculptor free - American, inventor of the Ready-made.

Biography

Born in a family from artists, Marcel Duchamp is the brother of the sculptor Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876 - 1918), of the painter Jacques Villon (Gaston Duchamp) (1875 - 1963), and of the painter Suzanne Duchamp (1889 - 1963) married with the painter Jean Crotti. Whereas it is still young, his/her maternal grandfather Emile Frederic Nicole, made business man and artist, taught art with his grandchildren.

Marcel Duchamp revolutionized the academic design of the art which, hitherto, judges the value of a work only to the ell of the efforts and work exempted for an edifying purpose. The heterogeneity of its means of expression and complexity of its works, painting (“ Naked descending the staircase ” in 1913, with the plastic installation most hermetic (“ being given… ” unfinished in 1966) while passing by the object done everything issued work of art by its only will, associated with its constant claim of the " right to the paresse" , do not allow to classify Duchamp in any the movements artistic of. It crossed the Cubisme, the Futurisme, Dada and the Surréalisme while being excluded from itself from any current.

It is near his/her brothers, of his sister and their friends whom he undertakes his training of painting. At its beginnings, he attends mainly artists of inspiration cubist like Fernand Leger or Robert Delaunay, or Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger, authors of the work “ Of the Cubism ” which poses the bases theoretical of the Cubisme (1912).

He is present at the side of the group of the Section of gold in 1912 in Paris for an exposure to the gallery Boétie.

In 1913, to the United States, new European research is presented during the exposure Armory show to New York. The “naked descending a staircase ” which there is presented, causes hilarity and scandal. In this work, one indicates tendencies cubists with the futurism of the photodynamic .

It deviates from painting, about 1913-1915, with the first Ready-made, objects “done everything” that it chooses for their esthetic neutrality: Wheel of bicycle (1913), Door bottle (1914), Fountain (1917), a reversed urinal on which it affixes signature “R. Mutt there”. This object is refused by the organizers of the " Armory show" , which before, had been prevailed of any preliminary selection. Duchamp: " That Richard Mutt manufactured this fountain with his own hands, that does not have any importance, it chose it. It took an ordinary article of the life, it placed it so that its significance of use disappears under the new title and the new point of view, it created a new thought for this objet."

Reformed in 1914, it leaves to New York and maintains the bonds with Man Ray, Alfred Stieglitz and Francis Picabia with which it founds the review " 291".

It had a considerable impact on the movement Dadaïste; current to which one can attach Mariée setting to naked by his single person-same (1912-1923).

Duchamp was worried by time, the speed and the decomposition of the movements. What precisely brought it, in 1925, to make experimental cinema more precisely Optical cinema with its single film “ Anemic cinema ”. (35 mm black and white of 7 min). Its film present of the rotary plates which will be later, 1935, Rotoreliefs. These turntables comprise optical plays, word games, and geometry.

Through its works, Duchamp carries out a reflection on the concept of Art, on esthetics, thus preparing what Conceptual art is the ; the Pop-art and the Happening also made frequent loans with the practices and artistic steps of Duchamp. The writings of Marcel Duchamp were published under the titles Duchamp of the sign , 1958, and Marchand of salt , 1958. He was also the creator of a fictitious character, Rrose Sélavy, sculptor and handling author of aphorisms distort it Contrepèterie and the Allitération.

Its richest and strange work, with the development complexes, is the Mariée setting with naked by its single people, even or Grand Glass , carried out on panel of glass (1915-1923, museum of Philadelphia). The Grand Glass is the result of several preliminary studies such as Last nine moulds mâlic (1914-1915. 66 X 101,2 cm. Succession Alexina Duchamp) which corresponds to the obsession of a “true invisible form” obtained by contact, in order to synthesize all its magic theories and its theory of art like “mental fact”. Realized with oil, breaks into leaf of lead, and lead wire assembled between two glass plates, this study was cracked during its transport in 1916, but Marcel Duchamp refused to make it restore. In the last years of its life, Duchamp carried out a work for the museum of the Art schools of Philadelphia, being given 1) the water fall the 2) gases coal (1944-1968), sculptural environment erotic, prohibited, by its will, with the sight of the public.

Marcel Duchamp was also Satrape Collège of Pataphysique in 1953, became member of the Oulipo in 1962.

He was excellent a player of failures. Champion of High-Normandy in 1924, it took part several times in the championship of France and belonged to the team of France to the Olympiade of failures of $the Hague (1928), Hamburg (1930), Prague (1932) and Folkestone (1933).

In second wedding, he marries Teeny, the first wife of Pierre Matisse, celebrates commercial art of Fuller Building of New York and wire of the painter Henri Matisse.

This epitaph is engraved on its tomb with the cemetery of Rouen: “Besides, it is always the others which die. ”

Works

the Crushing one of chocolate , 1912
the King and the Queen surrounded by naked quickly , 1912
the Passage of the Virgin to Married the , 1912 Naked
descending a staircase , 1912
Wheel of bicycle , 1913
In advance off the broken ARM , shovel with snow, 1914
Apolinère Enameled , enamel the made-to-order of an advertisement, 1914
Carry-bottles , 1914
Large Glass , 1915-1923
Fountain , urinal reversed and signed “R. Mutt”, 1917
LHOOQ , reproduction of the Mona Lisa affublée of a pair of moustache, 1919
Air of Paris , object, 1919
Fresh widow , window with the tinted squares of black, 1920
Rotary plate glass (optical of precision) , kinetic work, 1920
Why not sneeze Rrose Selavy? , surrealist box: cut pieces of white marble as sugar cubes contained in a bird cage from which a bone cuttlefish and a thermometer leave, 1921
the Bride exposed by her single people, even , large glass started in 1915 and voluntarily unfinished in 1925
Anemic cinema , short film carried out with the collaboration of Man Ray and Marc Allégret, 1926
the box-in-bag , 1938-1941 (in series until 1968), portable museum
Prière of touch , foam center stuck on the cover of the catalog of the International exhibition of the Surréalisme with the Gallery Maeght, 1947
being given coal gas and the water fall, painting (first version), 1949
Corner of chastity , object, 1963
being given: 1° the water fall, 2° the coal gas , three-dimensional alternative of Large glass , elaborate since 1946, unfinished in 1966

Quotation

"I forced myself to contradict me to avoid conforming me to my clean goût."
" Art is a thing much deeper than the taste of a époque."
" The taste is a source of pleasure, art is not a source of pleasure, it is a source which does not have a color, not goût." (radiophonic interview in 1960)
the title is a color brought to work.

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