Marcel Déat

Marcel Déat (Guérigny, March 7th 1894 - San Vito close to Turin, January 5th 1955), is a Politician French, Socialiste then néo-Socialist, and collaborationist.

Normalien, journalist and intellectual, it is Député SFIO of 1926 with 1928 and of 1932 with 1936. In 1933, it is excluded from the party for its doctrines more and more autoritarists, and becomes the leader of the Néo-Socialists, allured more and more by the models Fascistes. Minister for the air in 1936, in the cabinet Sarraut, appointed “gathering anticommunist” in 1939, he becomes the founder in 1941 Popular National Rassemblement, a party Collaborationniste, which wants to be socialist and European. He finishes his political career in 1944 as National solidarity and Minister for Labor under the Régime of Vichy, and flees with Sigmaringen with the last square of the ultra Collaborationnistes, then in Italy.

Biography

He is resulting from a modest milieu, republican and patriot. He makes brilliant studies, and enters in 1914 to the Teacher training school after having been the pupil of Alain, active professor with the Radical party and cofounder of the Comité of vigilance of the intellectuals antifascists (CVIA). The same year, it adheres to SFIO, more by “philosophical idealism that by materialism”.

It is mobilized with the face for the war, which it finishes with the rank of captain. Under the pseudonym of Taëd, it publishes Cadavres and maxims, philosophy of a ghost , where it expresses his horror of the war, of the trenches, which explains a visceral pacifism which will be determining for its choices in its career. It is also fascinated by the collective discipline and for friendship with the face.

In 1918, it resumes its studies and passes the aggregation of Philosophie before being directed towards the Sociologie, under the supervision of Célestin Bouglé, radical sociologist and friend of Alain. Bouglé places Déat at the secretariat of the information center of the street of Ulm.

At the socialist scission of Turns, it is located SFIO on the right, in the Groupe of the socialist Life, at the sides of Renaudel.

In 1925, it is elected City council man Rheims, where it teaches. With the favor of a by-election, in 1926, it is elected with the House of Commons, but is beaten in 1928. At that time, Leon Blum seeks to support some young people because the rise in the hierarchy of the party is difficult. It names Déat, considered as its dolphin, secretary of the parliamentary group of the SFIO. It founds a documentary center for these members of Parliament.

In 1931, Déat publishes Perspectives Socialists , a theoretical work of reflection on the socialist doctrines. He thinks that it is necessary to adapt to the evolution of the capitalist company which does not appear autodétruire, contrary to the Marxist assertion . The State must have a role privileged in the management of the property which must be individual. It is against collectivization, against the revolution, because chaos is the creed of the Fascistes, and in these points, it is savagely opposed to the Marxist , but approaches the Planistes. Déat thinks that it is necessary to pass by an intermediate mode, and not to await the political vacuum so that the Socialisme settles.

In 1932, it is elected appointed 20 {{E}} district of Paris, at the expense of Jacques Duclos, which had beaten itself Leon Blum in 1928.

In 1933, Déat adheres to the Socialist party France-Union Jean Jaurès (PSdF) born in 1933 of a scission of fringes reformist, Planiste and Néo-Socialist of the SFIO excluded by the Congress of November 5th, 1933. Majority in the parliamentary group, these excluded futures were minority within the party, in hillock with the hostility of the left wing (pivertists) and of the centrists (blumists). This movement which wants “to reinforce the State against the economic crisis” opens with the middle-classes and takes part in the nonsocialist governments (Déat is Ministre for the air in 1936, in the cabinet Sarraut). Moreover, He wants to defend the nation at all costs by avoiding the war. Déat integrates the Popular front but will denounce a " later; coring communiste" of this one. Déat was beaten the same year with the legislative elections of 1936

In 1939, it is elected appointed with Angouleme, for the “gathering anticommunist”, after having lost its old mandate with the profit of a Communist. Does this year, it affirm its position of Munich and its pacifism in Mourir for Dantzig? , article published on May 4th, 1939 in Work , newspaper in which he collaborates during all the period of the occupation as a political director.

Pacifist, he is opposed to the entry in war of France in September 1939 and nourishes thereafter a great hatred against the leaders to IIIe République which he shows of warmongering and to be handled by capitalist England seeking to defend its economic empire while making use of France. He logically supports the armistice of Pétain and the nomination of Pierre Laval as president of the council.

Combined political Laval and the Germans, but hated by Pétain, it leaves for Paris and tries to unify the collaborator movements of the Northern Zone, in order to create a sole party, spearhead of a revolution national-Socialist having for model his neighbors German and Italian. It moves away then little by little from Vichy and to its policy which it considers too sensitive to the cold and approaches the Germans. During four years it daily strikes in Work its dissension with Vichy but all while taking care not to attack Pétain or Laval later, in the hope to obtain a station with the government.

Its attempt at failing sole party, it creates the Popular National Rassemblement (RNP) but suffers from the competition of the other parties of the northern zone, in particular of the PF of Doriot. With the wire of the months, Déat engages in an escape moved ahead by attraction of the capacity and the interdict to disavow its engagements of summer 40. It is wounded in the attack of Paul Collette against Pierre Laval whereas they reviewed the troops of LVF on August 27th, 1941.

Pushed by the Germans, it enters finally, on March 16th 1944, in the government like Minister for Labor and the national solidarity of Pierre Laval, and supports a policy of total collaboration with Germany but the conflict which opposes it to Laval blocks any initiative of its share. He flees at the summer 1944 and remains in the governmental Commission with Sigmaringen. In April 1945, it leaves the Germany for the Italy where it will finish its days under a name of loan, convert to Catholicism, in the convent of San Vito, close to Turin. He was condemned to death in absentia with the Libération.

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