Marc Antoine
See also: Antoine, Marcus Antonius Orator
Marc Antoine ( Marcus Antonius ), born in -83 and died in -30, was a Politician and a Roman Général . Marc Antoine is the grandson of the consul Marc Antoine.
Its beginnings
He is distinguished as of his youth in the wars against the Juifs. He binds initially with the powerful orators Curion and Clodius Pulcher, then sticks to Jules César. He is elected Tribun of the plebs for the year -49 and with the powerful orator C. Cassius, he puts his veto at the ordinance of the senate with César to lay off his legions. and gives him the council to go right on Rome after the passage of the Rubicon. At that time, Marc Antoine orders the right wing of the army to the Bataille of Pharsale.César, become dictator in -47, chooses it for Maître cavalry, and they are both named Consul S in -44. Antoine tries one feastday to present a diadem to César, but this imprudent step does nothing but hasten the death of the dictator. After the murder of César (-44), Marc Antoine pronounces his funeral oration, assembles the people against his assassins, who leave the city in front of the working class unrest. After their recall by the Senate, that Antoine cannot tolerate, this last will besiege Décimus Brutus in Mutina (Modena) in -43. Under the influence of Cicéron the Sénat declares it enemy State, and the consuls Hirtius and Pansa walk against him and demolish it. The two consuls find death on this occasion; they were accompanied by Octave which profited from a imperium thanks to Cicéron and for which the responsibility in these two deaths is doubtful.
The second triumvirate
After this defeat, Antoine then takes refuge as a Gaulle near Lépide governor of the Narbonnese. Thanks to this last, Antoine could meet the young person Octave in Bologna. This meeting leads to the formation of the Second triumvirate whose first actions are the proscriptions of 43 (front J.C.), which fill up Italy of bloody executions. Antoine requires the death of Cicéron, which had violently attacked it in its Philippiques . The following year, Antoine followed by Octave, demolishes Brutus and Cassius in the plain of Philips (Macedonia), and thus destroys the Republican party. The triumvirs share then the Roman empire: during this division, Antoine obtains the Greece and the Asia.To seal its alliance with Octave, he marries the sister of this one, Octavie, at once after the death of his first wife, Fulvie. But soon, enthusiast of the charms of Cléopâtre, he repudiates Octavie for the queen of Egypt, and delivers even to the princess part of the Roman conquests - Phénicie, Cilicie, Syria, Judaea, Cyprus.
Octave seizes this occasion to break with Antoine, and in a decisive way at the time of the beats it battles naval of Actium. Antoine is overcome and forced to flee with Cléopâtre: he takes refuge with Alexandria, but, seeing himself close falling between the hands to the winner, he commits suicide, believer that Cléopâtre had already committed suicide, little before the entry of Octave in Alexandria in -30. Cléopâtre will join it later little time while being made bite by an aspic.
A mythical ascent
Marc Antoine claimed to go down from Hercules, as Plutarque brings it back, in the " Vie" that it devoted to him (§ 5):Also this was a thing which was said of any seniority, that the family of Antoniens was descended from Anton wire of Hercules, who it retained and bore the name; which opinion it tried to confirm not only by the form and appears natural of its body, but also by the way of getting dressed and vêtir.
Descent of Marc Antoine
Marc Antoine and Octavie had two girls, both called “ Antonia ”. Oldest, Antonia Major, was married with Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus ( bores red in Latin), and the emperor Néron was their grandson. Young person, Antonia Minor, Maria with Drusus, and the emperor Claude I {{er}} was their son.
Marc-Antoine and Cléopâtre had three children: the twins Alexandre Hélios and Cléopâtre Séléné, born in -40, and Ptolémée Philadelphe, born in -36. Their half-brother Ptolémée XV (Césarion), wire of César, was killed by Octave (future emperor Auguste) with died of Marc Antoine and Cléopâtre in -30. But the three children were taken along to Rome and were raised by Octavie, the ex-wife of Marc Antoine. Cléopâtre Séléné Maria in -19 with Juba II of Numidie and became queen of Numidie and Maurétanie. His/her brothers remained probably some time with it, then their trace is lost.
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