Maquiladora
A will maquiladora , or its abbreviation made up , is the Latin-American equivalent of the zones of treatment for export (export processing zone, EPZ, in English). This term indicates a factory which is given an exemption of the customs duties to be able to produce with lower costs of the goods assembled, transforms, repaired or worked out starting from imported components; the major part of these goods is then exported (except in the case of the will maquiladoras por capacidad ociosa , directed towards the national production).
History
The will maquiladoras were born in 1965 with the Mexico, in the border zones with the the United States of America. Installation by the Mexican government of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz via a programme of industrialization of the border, one finds some nowadays also with the Guatemala, with the El Salvador, the Honduras and the Panamá. They manufacture inter alia clothing, electronics, automobile parts… The creation of the will maquiladoras must partly at the end of the program bracero of the United States, which authorized the Mexicans to make seasonal agricultural work.
This economic strategy took seat with an aim of countering the employment crisis which remained with the Mexico following the failure of an agreement established for Mexican migrant worker, but also rural migration who had done nothing but increase the population of the cities such as Mexico City and Cancun, therefore an increase in the Bidonville S.
By this new idea, Díaz wanted to increase the overseas investment in the economy by exporting the most possible products. this measurement was to improve employment as well as the standard of living of the Mexicans. The government thus establishes these free zones, but fixed a condition which made so that Mexican GNP increased, from where an economic growth and by this fact even the standard of living.
However the results of this operation could crystallize only twenty years later with the entry of Mexico in GATT, now named OMC, since before the country suffered from a severe protectionism. One can also say that the coming into effect of the Alena also brought to the Mexican economy, since it supported a free trade between the countries of North America.
According to the Mexican decree Made up of December 22nd, 1989, these factories can be entirely property of foreign companies. The multinationals had “the exemption from tariff duty on the inputs and the extrants, provided that finished products are re-exported. ”
They attract investors for their labor cheap (it quasi totality of the employees are underpaid women), little of regulation of work (the employees lose their employment if they fall pregnant), the not very demanding environmental standards and of course weak taxation from which they profit.
In 2000, nearly four thousand of these factories functioned within this framework, employing more than one million three hundred and thousand people and representing the third of the imports. The coming into effect of ALENA and the deceleration of the activity since 2001 would have made decrease these figures of 30%.
According to Juan Antonio Mateos, ambassador of Mexico in Morocco, in spite of the hope of Mexico, will maquiladoras them were not sufficient to solve the social problem which persisted in the country, since to date fifty four - million Mexicans always survives in poverty although the extent of the Mexican GDP is four times higher than a country such as Morocco.
See too
- Economy of Mexico
- History of Mexico
- Lists of articles on Mexico
External references
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