Mango (fruit)

The mango is the tropical fruit of the Manguier, of the family of Anacardiacée S. It is a large tree originating in the forests of the India and Burma where it still pushes in a wild state.

This tree, the Mangifera indica , with the foliage persistent, dense and green dark, with generous fructification is venerated by the Hindou S. the shape of its fruit is the base of the reason cashmere .

Its name comes from the Malayalam manga , taken again by the Portuguese manga .

Description

The mango is a fleshy Fruit, its weight varies from 300 to 2 kg.

It is a Drupe, its flesh adheres to a broad and flat core. It can be round, oval or réniforme, and presents a bark being able to be of color yellow, green or red, that it is necessary to remove, because it contains irritating substances and thus classified nonedible.

Its flesh yellow dark, consistent and is sweetened, with a taste of fishing and flower. According to the varieties or when the fruit has too much maturity, the flesh becomes sometimes streaked.

History

According to the texts, Bouddha accepted in gift of the courtesan Ambapali an orchard of mango trees to meditate there and probably like source of revenue enabling him to devote itself to its way.

The mango tree will be spread thus with Buddhism, reaching at fifth century BC Malaysia then the the Far East. The Chinese traveller and pilgrim Xuanzang would have brought back it to China of its voyage to India. The Arab introduce it, as for them, with the the Middle East and in Africa.

In 1328, Jordanus Catalani called also the Jordan de Séverac, bishop of Columbum, Quilon with the Kérala makes the first mention of it. In first half of the 15th century, the traveller Nicolò de' Conti makes of it the first description under the name of amba , of the Sanskrit amram .

From Africa, the Portuguese bring it to the Brésil and it is spread in the Nouveau World. The first cultures in Florida, due to Dr. Henry Perine, go back to 1833, the fruit reaches the California in the Années 1880.

Today, the mango is cultivated in all the tropical and subtropical countries of the sphere, and one knows of them several hundreds of different species, of which some only are marketed.

Varieties

Production and export

Economic importance

The worldwide production rose to approximately 26,3 million tons in 2004. The mango is thus the sixth fruit more produced in the world (after the Banane, the Raisin, the orange, the Pomme and the Banane plantain). 89 countries in the world are mango producers.

For a few years, the worldwide production of mango has increased considerably. That mainly thanks to the appearance of many new producer countries like the China, whose production knew such a growth that it occupies now the second world place. Even the countries as India where the mango pushes thousands of years since recently increased their production but the Indian production are mainly consumed on the spot.

Use

The mango is used in dishes of origin inhabitant of Martinique or out of fruit juice for exotic cocktail.

For the food

The mango is consumed in the whole world but it really delicious only is not gathered at point and thus consumed close of where it pushes. The mango is ripe when it yields under a light pressure of the fingers and that a heady perfume is released some. A green mango is not often ripe, but there are exceptions. Wild mangos " Irvingia spp." are green with black spots, but their flesh is not less than one beautiful orange color and their exquisite perfume. The taste of mango depends on the variety and maturity; one can find there tastes of fishing, flowers, of lemon, apricot, banana, mint… or even of spirits of turpentine.

One can eat it natural or incorporate it in fruit salads, cereals and the sorbets. One can transform it into purée or make Confiture. It is usually used, in dry and ground form, in many vegetable dishes of the kitchen of the north of the India to give a little sourness where it is called amchur (sometimes written amchoor ), amndt being the word Hindi for mango. It is delicious with the poultry, duck and the pig. In the Mascareignes, the green mango can be used for a Rougail spiced which will accompany the dishes by meat.

The Chutney S with green mango are soft condiments composed of mango and varied spices. They accompany the dishes with the curry, the cold meat or cheeses. There exist several receipts of chutneys to mango, in Jamaica (receipt), in India (receipt).

For health

The mango can provide the totality of the daily Apport recommended, in β-carotene, fibers, in vitamins C, which confers to him the palm of protection against the attacks of the free radicals.


Species

  • Mangifera altissima
  • Mangifera caesia
  • Mangifera camptosperma
  • Mangifera casturi
  • Mangifera foetida
  • Mangifera indica
  • Mangifera kemanga
  • Mangifera longipes
  • Mangifera macrocarpa
  • Mangifera odorata
  • Mangifera pajang
  • Mangifera pentandra
  • Mangifera persiciformis
  • Mangifera siamensis

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