Mandara kingdom

The kingdom Mandara (sometimes called Wandala ) was a Western kingdom African located in the Mandara mounts of what today is the Cameroun. The Mandarawa ethnos group descent inhabitants of this kingdom.

The tradition reports that the Mandara kingdom was founded not very front 1500 by a queen called Soukda and an alien hunter called Gaya. The existence of the kingdom was reported the first time by FRA Mauro (in 1459) then by Leo Africanus (in 1526); the source of its name remains nevertheless dubious.

The first century of the history of this kingdom was marked by the wars which its leaders made with the close ethnos groups in order to increase their territory. After conquest of the area of Dulo (or Duolo) and the establishment of the capital with Dulo towards 1580, begins the dynasty of Sankre, a war leader.

When the leading house of Dulo wanted to recover the throne, the Royaume of Kanem-Bornou supported the proclamation of Aldawa Nanda, a member of the house of Sankre. The emperor Idris Alaoma de Bornou personally installed it as king in 1614. The Royaume of Kanem-Bornou thus reaches an influential position above the Mandara kingdom.

May Bukar Aji, 25th king, made kingdom Mandara a sultanate towards 1715, which it will remain during nearly two hundred years. Moslem visitors converted king Bukar with Islam, and the islamicisation of the kingdom will continue throughout the XIXe century. The known kingdom a golden age of the kinds under Bukar and its successor, Bukar Guyana (1773 - 1828). Towards 1781, the Mandara kingdom inflicts a military defeat with the Royaume of Kanem-Bornou at the time of an important battle, and thus increases its supremacy on the area. On the apogee of its power at the end of the XVIIIe century, the Mandara kingdom imposed its domination on approximately 15 chefferies. However, the kingdom loses its power in 1809, when Modibbo Adama, a disciple peul of Usman daN Fodio, mêne a jihad against the Mandara kingdom. Adama briefly conquered Dulo, but the counter-attack of Mandara quickly pares it out of the borders of the kingdom. The defeat of Adama encourages the Royaume of Kanem-Bornou to be combined with the kingdom of Mandara again against the invaders peuls (fulanis).

After the death of the chief Bukai Dgjiama, the tribues not-Moslem women of Mandara were raised and the kingdom peul benefits from it to attack. Since 1850, the Royaume of Kanem-Bornou seeks the occasion to attack the weakened kingdom. This conflict renewed sap the armed forces of the kingdom, and prepare the ground for the invasion of the forces of Muhammad Ahmad in the years 1880. In 1895 or 1896, the army of Muhammad Ahmad destroyed Dulo, thus accelerating the decline of the power of the Mandara kingdom. However, the kingdom continued to exist, pushing back continual incursions of the peuls until its complete annexation.

The English explorer Dixon Denham accompanied a forwarding by hunting for the slaves of the Royaume of Kanem-Bornou in the kingdom of Mandara in February 1823 of which he escaped from accuracy following a defeat of the attackers of the Royaume of Kanem-Bornou. He brought back one of the first European accounts of them on the kingdom of Mandara. In 1902, the kingdom was conquered by the Germany, then becomes French in 1918.

Random links: