Mamoru Oshii () is a Réalisateur (of cinema of animation and traditional Cinéma), producing, Scénariste (Manga, serials radiophonic, video games, cinema) and author (of novels and tests) Japan board, born the August 8th 1951 with Tōkyō (Japan). He currently lives with Atami in the Préfecture of Shizuoka.
Career
During its studies, Mamoru Oshii is fascinated by the film the Pier of Chris Marker like by films of Andrzej Wajda, Jerzy Kawalerowicz, Andrzej Munk and Ingmar Bergman. It is very marked by one of its professors, Mr. Aramaka, who inspired one of the characters of Patlabor . This one had a very cinematographic field crop and a great critical spirit but was little appreciated other students.
It off leaves graduate in 1976 The Fine Arts School Education the Education Department off Tokyo Liberal Arts University ( Tokyo gakugei daigaku ). It enters the following year to Tatsunoko Production and works like realizer on its first cartoon film Ippatsu Kanta-kun . In 1980, it leaves to the Studio Pierrot under the supervision its mentor Hisayuki Toriumi. During the production of the Nile No fushigi Na tabi and series televised Kagaku ninja-tai Gatchaman II , it meets his/her future collaborators, the scenario writer Kazunori Ito and the draftsman Yoshitaka Amano.
The work of Mamoru Oshii on the televised series Urusei Yatsura places it under the projectors. It carries out two feature-length films starting from the series, Urusei Yatsura: Only You in 1983 and Urusei Yatsura 2: Beautiful Dreamer in 1984. If the first film is directly adapted series, the second is largely detached and is one of the first examples of the style of Mamoru Oshii. He had deviated as well from the original history as the creator of the original manga Rumiko Takahashi had accepted the scenario with difficulty.
Whereas he works for Studio Pierrot, Oshii carries out of independent the first series direct-to-video Dallos , in 1983. It leaves the Pierrot studio in 1984 and works since always of independent. It carries out then the Egg of the angel ( Tenshi No tamago ), a film with the biblical topics with characters drawn by Yoshitaka Amano.
The producer of the film Toshio Suzuki will found later celebrates it Studio Ghibli. After the exit of film, Miyazaki and Takahata collaborate with Oshii on its following film Anchor . The project is quickly cancelled for artistic dissension in the trio. In spite of their differences, Toshio Suzuki and the Studio Ghibli will take part twenty years later in the production of Innocence: Ghost in the Shell 2 . The realizers however remained respectful but skeptics with respect to the work of the others, Oshii criticizing the idealistic side of films of Miyazaki, this one reproaching the first for not seeking the entertainment enough.
At the end of the Years 1980, Oshii is requested by his/her friend Kazunori Ito to join Headgear as a realizer. Headgear was a collective of professionals seeking to promote work of the members and to tie contacts with the producers. The team included/understood the talents of the scenario writers Kazunori Ito and Masami Yūki, of the type-setter Kenji Kawai, the designer Yutaka Izubuchi, the realizers of animates Kazuchika Kise and Hiromasa Ogura and of the originator of characters Akemi Tadaka. They conceived together Police Patlabor OVA in 1988, Twilight Q Episode 2: Meikyu Bukken Spins 538 in 1987, The Patlabor: The Movie in 1989, and Patlabor 2: The Movie in 1993.
Realized in full Japanese economic crisis, the series and the films Patlabor show a near future where the ecological social crisis and challenges were solved thanks to technology.
At that time, Oshii carries out three films where it puts in scene the actor Shigeru Chiba. It starts with The Red Spectacles , in 1987, which is a black film explicitly referring to the Pier of Chris Marker, quite front the Army of the twelve monkeys of Terry Gilliam, and where it quotes as well of great authors of which William Shakespeare and Alexandre Pouchkine as popular singers like Kenji Suzuki with the manner of a Jean-Luc Godard for which Oshii hides neither its admiration, nor its inspiration. It continues in 1991 with Stray Dogs: Kerberos Panzer Cops mixing action, comedy and contemplation with the Patlabor The Movie 2 . It turns finally Talking Head in 1992, a surrealist police film largely experimental.
In 1995, Mamoru Oshii realizes animates it Cyberpunk Ghost in the Shell which marks animation durably and makes it famous to the Japan, with the the United States and in Europe.
After five years when he works on other projects, Oshii turns over to the realization with its very awaited film nippo-Polish Avalon which is shown with the Cannes festival in 2001.
Its last film Innocence: Ghost in the Shell was the first cartoon film selected to contribute for the Gold Palm in Cannes.
Style
The films of Mamoru Oshii are generally composed of slow scenes rythmées by some fast scenes of action.One regularly finds groups of birds and a basset hound in particular in Ghost in the Shell 2 and Avalon . Oshii deeply transformed the mangas that it adapted by creating a slow and méditative atmosphere. Thus in Ghost in the Shell , it removed humor present in the manga of Masamune Shirow.
Oshii also wrote and realized animate and films starting from its personal vision of the world, influenced by the movement studied ANPO Hantai Années 1960 and 1970 which was opposed to the treaty of safety concluded between the the United States and the Japan. The movement périclitait when it engaged there, which made certainly Oshii more cynical than former members of the movement like Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata. Its first political film is Akai Megane (“Red French Glasses”) where it depicts Japan in prey with totalitarianism and corruption in the Années 1990.
The particular style of Oshii was imitated by North-American realizers, in particular the Frères Wachowski for their film SF with international success The Matrix in 1999. Of their consent even, Wachowski presented their project to the producer Joey Silver like “a Ghost in the Shell live version”, i.e. passed from animation to a film with actors in flesh and bone. Thus, The Matrix contains several whole scenes, including the famous credits of opening, returning directly to the Ghost in the Shell of Mamoru Oshii. Another North-American realizer of Science fiction, James Cameron ( The Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day ), does not hide its admiration for “excellent” films of Mamoru Oshii which it describes as “works visionaries”.
Saga Kerberos
The saga of the Kerberos (the Cerberus of Greek mythology) is undoubtedly the work on which Oshii is most closely dependant. It began in 1987 by a first film in black and white (with two segments color, with the Avalon ) The Red Spectacles , continued of 1988 to 2000 by a series of data base (Manga) Kerberos Panzer COP of which he is the scenario writer, was continued in 1991 by a second film this time entirely color and laying out of more than means Stray Dog Kerberos Panzer Cops , turned in Taiwan, then the cycle continued in 1999 by the cartoon film adaptation of the first volume of sound manga (Act 1~4). Jin-Roh, it is its name, is carried out by one of its disciples Hiroyuki Okiura. In 2004, a famous video game Killzone developed in Holland (except for the concept design and of the illustrations of Xavier Marquis) takes again semi-officially famous the Kerberos imagined by Oshii, just as the American data base ( comic ) drawn from the video game in 2005. The same year, the play Killzone is finally published in Japan and Mamoru Oshii starts again its Kerberos Saga in data base (Manga) with the third volume Kerberos Saga Rainy Dogs of which he is the scenario writer.In 2006 to celebrate the 20 years of the saga he imagines, not without to be influenced by Images Off The Last Battalion short animé/CG based on universe Kerberos and carried out by a student, préquelle with his saga. He chooses to move the action in Europe, more precisely on the Face of the East in the years 1940. The origins of the unit of police force tokyoïte Kerberos Panzer COP are actually soldiers and allemandes. These new extension of its universe Kerberos left in the form a series drama, which will in the future be marketed in the form of CD, to Japan only. Its name is Kerberos Panzer Jager , whose Jager means “French hunter”. Following the projection of Images off the Last Battalion , which impressed Oshii, at the time of the operation of launching of its series drama, the Japanese realizer announced that a project of cartoon film, using the 3D was considered for in three years.
Other work
Oshii is also scenario writer at the same time for the small one and the big screen, scenario writer of mangas (Japanese data base) and prolific author of novels, books of explanations and tests. As a true multi-media creator, the work of Mamoru Oshii includes/understands also various supports reserved for the Japanese market like serials audiophonic or Drama CD (of which The Great Maze off Overkill (不帰の迷宮) and While Waiting for the Red Glasses /(紅い眼鏡を待ちつつ) - préquelle with the film The Red Spectacles - and of the video games ( Sansara Naga in 1994, Mobile Police force Patlabor ~Formula '98 it starts! in 1992) then MiniPato on PSP in 2005.
he wrote 1988 with 2000 the scenario of the manga Kerberos Panzer COP (犬狼伝説) drawn by Kamui Fujiwara (Studio 2B) - known for Raika - and distributed by Nihon Shuppansha, (compilation in a volume of 1990 and its republication of 1993) then by Kadokawa Shoten (republication in two volumes of 1999 and 2000). It is about a data base black and white in 2 volumes (Acts 1 to 8), whose first season (Acts 1 to 4) was translated and distributed to the United States in 6 volumes by Dark Horse Comics in 1994 pennies the name Hellhounds: Panzer Cops ; In addition, this American edition resolutely lays out of various illustrations of cover with the style comic (American data base) realized by various draftsmen of which Cully Hamner and Jason Pearson. From 1996 to 1997, this American version was translated into German and serialized in Manga Power in 6 volumes also. Kerberos Panzer COP, enables him with its creator to take again and develop the topic already approached, one year before, in its first film The Red Spectacles ( Akai Megane ) of the Kerberos (i.e. French Cerberi).
1994 it is with the turn of the manga Seibu Shinjuku sensen ijō nashi .
it is the author of the novel in two volumes Mobile Police force Patalabor Tokyo War (機動警察パトレイバー, Tokyo War ) based on the popular series TV Patalabor which it in addition carried twice to the big screen a few years before.
he also wrote the scenario of the manga Seraphim drawn by Satoshi Kon and that of cartoon film Jin-Roh: The brigade of the wolves in 1999 which is the adaptation of the first volume of sound manga Kerberos Panzer COP , at the time projected in the future years 1990, with the difference close the animation carried out by Hiroyuki Ogiura, is a retro-fiction which put in perspective them in Japan of the years 1950.
2000 it supervised the design of the means-measuring of animation Blood: The Last Vampire based on its series of novels Blood: The Last Vampire , in addition translated and published in the United States in 2005 and from which a weekly series is in the course of production for Japanese television.
- In the re-entry 2003, it publishes a new series data base, serialized in the magazine Shounen Ace de Kadokawa . This new manga is the continuation of the complete edition of 2000 of its topic fetish of the Kenroh densetsu under the name Kerberos Saga Rainy Dogs (犬狼伝説紅い足痕); He writes the scenario of it while the illustrations are ensured by Mamoru Sugiura (杉浦守).
- Media artistic Installation in 3 dimensions Open Your Mind /めざめの方舟 realized at the time of the first World Fair of the 21e century, the Expo 2005 Aichi Japan, on more the big screen of the world.
2006, it carries out Tachiguichi-Retsuden (Tachigui, extraordinary adventures of the swindlers of fast-food industry), of which the original topic, already largely between-outline in several of its works, ( The Red Spectacles , StrayDog and Avalon ) of the kitchen. Its new cartoon film, realized in “Superlivemation”, recalls 60 years of history of the Japanese company (of 1945 to 2006) through the evolution of its food. Mouth the consent even of its creator, the superlivemation is a technique of animation making it possible to halfway produce a work between a detailed animation hyper and a stripped film. Already discovered at Oshii in Avalon with through the special effects of the explosions of the vehicles and characters in 2D in the play of Ash, then in MiniPato and its adaptation concerned video on PSP. The superlivemation rests on digitalization and improves photographs, to through a score of stages will allow to obtain characters and a cinematographic environment of appearance but actually in 3D punt. When they move, the characters reveal a thickness of the size of a sheet of paper. This new way of approaching the image, partially, was seen in France in 2005 by the means of the publicity of Renault Espace and the character of data base, Mr. Hector, escaping from its 2D plan and of leaving in search freedom and adventure. With the difference of French publicity, the environment of film of Oshii is him also in 3D punt.
Selective catalog of films
Realizer
Cinema of animation
- 1983 : Lamu 1, Only You ( Urusei Yatsura vol.1 ~Onri yū~ , うる星やつら 1 ~ オンリー ・ ユー ~)
- 1984: Lamu 2, Beautiful Dreamer ( Urusei Yatsura vol.2 ~byūtifuru dorīmā~ , うる星やつら 2 ~ ビューティフル ・ ドリーマー ~)
- 1985: the Egg of the Angel ( Tenshi No tamago , 天使のたまご)
- 1990: Maroko (麿子)
- 1990: Patlabor, the Movie ( Kidō keisatsu patorebā ~The movie~ , 機動警察パトレイバー劇場版)
- 1993: Patlabor 2, the Movie ( Kidō keisatsu patorebā 2 ~The movie~ , 機動警察パトレイバー 2 劇場版)
- 1995: Ghost in the Shell ( Kōkaku kidōtai , 攻殻機動隊)
- 1997: Ghost in the Shell, International Version ( Kōkaku kidōtai ~International Version~ , 攻殻機動隊 ~ インターナショナル ・ ヴァージョン ~)
- 2004: Innocence: Ghost in the Shell 2 ( Inosensu , イノセンス)
- 2006: Tachiguishi retsuden (立喰師列伝)
Short-measurings of animation
Traditional cinema
- 1987 : The Red Spectacles ( Akai megane , 紅い眼鏡)
- 1991: StrayDog, Kerberos Panzer Cops ( Keruberosu: Jigoku No banken , ケルベロス ~ 地獄の番犬 ~)
- 1992: Talking Head (トーキング ・ ヘッド)
- 2001: Avalon ( アヴァロン )
traditional Short-measurings
- 2003 : .50 Woman (ハーフウーマン, Half woman )
Cinema with Thème
- 2005 : Open Your Mind (めざめの方舟, Mezame No hakobune )
Video
birth of the Original Video Animation (OVA). series of 7 OAV- 1989: Gosenzosama banbanzai
- 2006: Onna Tachiguishi-Retsuden (女立喰師外伝ケツネコロッケのお銀 ~ パレスチナ死闘篇 ~, Onna tachiguishi-retsuden ketsune korokke No ogin: paresuchina shitou ippen )
Series TV
- 1980 : the Marvellous voyage from the Nile Holgersson ( Nirusu No fushigina tabi , ニルスのふしぎな旅)
- 1981: Lamu ( Urusei Yatsura , うる星やつら)
Producer
- 2000 : Blood, The Last Vampire
Scenario writer
-
1981 : Lamu ( Urusei Yatsura , うる星やつら)
- 1983: Urusei Yatsura 1, Only You ( Urusei Yatsura 1 ~Onri Yū~ , うる星やつら 1 ~ オンリー ・ ユー ~)
- 1983: Spoon Obasan (原画, スプーンおばさん, “the old woman with the spoon”)
- 1984: Urusei Yatsura 2, Beautiful Dreamer ( Urusei Yatsura 2 ~Byūtifuru dorīmā~ , うる星やつら 2 ~ ビューティフル ・ ドリーマー ~)
- 1985: the Egg of the Angel ( Tenshi No Tamago , 天使のたまご)
- 1987: The Red Spectacles ( Akai megane , 紅い眼鏡)
- 1988: In the Aftermath
- 1991: Stray Dog, Kerberos Panzer Cops ( Keruberosu: Jigoku No banken , ケルベロス ~ 地獄の番犬 ~)
- 1992: Talking Head (トーキング ・ ヘッド)
- 1999: Jin-Roh, the brigade of the wolves (人狼)
- 2002: Minipato ( Minipato, Mobile organizes minimum Patlabor , ミニパト)
- 2003: .50 Woman (ハーフウーマン, Half Woman )
- 2004: Innocence: Ghost in the Shell 2 ( Inosensu , イノセンス)
- 2005: It is Burning!
Selective bibliography
Cartoon
- 1988~90 : Kerberos Panzer COP (犬狼伝説第一部) (1st part) series
- 1990: Kerberos Panzer COP (犬狼伝説 B5) volume
- 1999~2000: Kerberos Panzer COP (犬狼伝説第二部) (2nd part) series
- 1999: Kerberos Panzer COP (犬狼伝説 FROZEN VERSION) volume
- 2000: Kerberos Panzer COP: Conclusion (犬狼伝説完結篇) volume
- 2000: Kerberos Panzer COP: Zen Edition (犬狼伝説全) work supplements
- 2002: Dragon Retriever (西武新宿戦線異状なし)
- 2003~2005: Kerberos Saga Rainy Dogs (犬狼伝説紅い足痕) series
- 2004: In The End (とどのつまり…)
- 2005: Kerberos Saga Rainy Dogs (犬狼伝説紅い足痕) volume
- 2006: Kerberos & Tachiguishi (ケルベロス X 立喰師腹腹時計の少女, Keruberosu ekusu tachiguishi will hara haradokei No shojo ) series
Novels
- 199X : Mobile Patlabor Police force: Tokyo War vol.1 (機動警察パトレイバー Tokyo War 前編)
- 199X: Mobile Patlabor Police force: Tokyo War vol.2 (機動警察パトレイバー Tokyo War 後編)
- 2000: Blood The Last Vampire: Night off the Beasts (Blood The Last Vampire 獣たちの夜)
- 2000: Avalon, Grey Lady (灰色の貴婦人)
- 2004: Tachiguishi Retsuden (立喰師列伝)
Tests
- 2005 : Pax Japonica
External bonds
- Official site
- Site devoted to Oshii (analyzes of its films, description of its style, etc)
- official site of Production I.G
- official site of Kerberos Saga
- official site of Tachiguishi Retsuden
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