The mammography is a technique of Radiographie, particularly adapted to the Sein S of the woman in order to detect the abnormal images which could be in connection with a Breast cancer.

Stake

The purpose of the mammography is to detect as soon as possible anomalies before even as they did not cause Symptôme S private clinics. It can make it possible, thus, to detect cancers well before they are palpable.

Since 2006, one showed that the results of the Swedish comparative study having announced in 1985 a reduction of mortality per breast cancer of 30% in the detected group are not valid. This demonstration of nonthe validity of the study of 1985 rests on the incompatibility of the results favorable to the mammography with the official data of the registers of diagnoses and death in Sweden. At the instigation of a radiologist, pressures were exerted to make withdraw the article of demonstration put on line by the European newspaper of cancer in March 2006. This procedure of withdrawal contravened the deontologic rules of use in the scientific publication. The last official synthesis of the comparative studies on the effectiveness of emanating tracking by mammography of the Cochrane network concludes: if a cancer death of the center is avoidable by tracking among 2000 women followed during 10 years, one causes 10 then Surdiagnostic S involving as many Surtraitement S.

The current proposal to regularly make a mammography with all the women from 50 to 75 years in France rests in particular on a report/ratio of experts worked out in 2001-2 by the department of Evaluation of technologies of the National agency of evaluation and accreditation of the care. The announced objective of this report/ratio included the recall of the French recommendations into force. The report/ratio concluded that the inefficiency of the mammography of tracking not being proven, the usual recommendations had to be maintained for tracking of breast cancer.

N.B. The director of the department of technologies of then had ensured a station with responsibility in marketing for the drug for 1996 to 2000.

Technique

To carry out this examination, the manipulator uses a mammographe. This apparatus is composed of a tube with x-rays and a system of compression of the center.

The examination consists in compressing in turn the two centres then to expose them to low dose of rays-X. Compression is obtained by a ball of compression especially conceived for this type of exploration and regulated by a specialized manipulator so that it painless or is tolerated perfectly by the patient. This compression allows the spreading out of the fabrics mammaires what facilitates the visualization of the structures of the center and makes it possible to reduce the amount of rays-X delivered. Several stereotypes are then carried out.

Results

After the mammography, a radiologist analyzes the stereotypes, questions the patient and carries out a clinical examination: he examines the aspect of the skin and the nipple. He palpates the centres and search for abnormal ganglia. The mammography always does not make it possible to give from the start a final diagnosis: it makes it possible to see whether there exists an anomaly in the center, but it does not make it possible to determine with certainty if it is or not about a cancer.

Other complementary examinations are then necessary to establish the diagnosis:

• echography mammaire
• taking away
• IRM mammaire

Risks

The pemier risks consecutive with the mammography of tracking is the Surdiagnostic. The mammography uses x-rays and the damage that those inflict with the cells can cause cancer. On the other hand, if the mammography is well made, the amount of radiations is generally very weak (After such an amount, the body can usually repair the few damaged cells).

Limits

Before the Menopause, systematic tracking was not the proof of its effectiveness, because the tiny suspect anomalies are more difficult to select, and the disadvantages, like the useless Biopsie S, appear higher than its advantages, except for the women having a particular risk (Mastopathie benign, family antecedents), who must be particularly supervised.

External bonds

• Tracking organized of breast cancer: " What can one say today awaited benefit? "
• is it Necessary to stop the French programme of tracking of breast cancer by mammography?
• To prescribe - file mammography

• See the diaporama on the mammography on the site of the National institute of cancer

References

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