A malouinière is a vast residence of pleasure built by Armateur S of Saint-Malo at the 17th century and 18th century. One counts 112 in the area of them.

Inhabited for the majority, several malouinières are opened all the same with the visit at the time of the Journées of the Inheritance in September.

History

The majority of the malouinières were built between 1650 and 1730 in a radius of 12 to 15 km around Saint-Malo by the dissatisfied ship-owners of the exiguous space of the “intramural” city. The ship-owners remained thus near the safety of the ramparts of the city in the event of visit impromptue of the English, and that their also made it possible to make divert some of their boats returned of the Indies in order to discreetly empty them invaluable contents, before the arrival of the tax collectors of taxes of the King.

They are located inside the Clos Chicken, a name which means country of Aleth (area inhabitant of Saint Malo) of the name of the Gallo-Roman camp of the citadel of Saint-Servan, starting point towards Cornwall where one charged the tin.

The prosperity of Saint-Malo date of the 15th century and 16th century, time to which begins the decline of Saint-Servan. Under the wars of the Sun king, the maritime adventure of Saint-Malo takes its take-off. The war of race enriches the Corsaire S, the catches being divided also between the king, the ship-owner and the crew.

Structure

The majority of the malouinières were built out of coated stones of country of a rough coat. The very high roofs as well as the chimneys are very characteristic.

Until the 17th century, the openings are bored according to the needs. At the 18th century, they symmetrical and are aligned as in the military architecture.

Notable Malouinières

See also: Saint-Coulomb

Castle of the Mound-Jean, 17th century

Castle of the Mound-Jean Fortress of Of Guesclin at the 14th century, the Marquis of Hindré in XVIe, Surcouf with XVIIIe During centuries, Of Guesclin followed one another the Mound-Jean since the years 1100. The brother of Bertrand at the 14th century, Eon, Marquis of Hindré (owners of 1513 to 1756).

Bought in 1756 by the large father of Robert Surcouf, the Mound-Jean was used as dowry with his Bertrane daughter in 1760, who married Mr. Potier of Houssaye. They resell the Mound-Jean the day before the Revolution in Grout of Beauvais, owners until after the 1st World war.

The naval officer Grout of the Mound was one of the chiefs of the conspiracy of Rouerie, guillotine on June 18th, 1793 in Paris with 17 others, including four young girls of their family. The land register of 1913 indicates: Henri Grout of Beauvais of Meurtel, minor under the supervision of his mother to the castle of Meurtel, commune of Plévenon (Dimensions of North).

The Mound-Jean was repurchased in 1925 by his farmer whose small children resold it in 1975 with Mr. Philippe Luyt who then made it classify with the Additional Inventory of the Historic buildings.

The Mound-Jean is built under the old fortress of Of Guesclin (1 hectare) arrasée with 17th with 2 meters in height, perhaps on the site of a Roman villa and with the top of the brook of the Trinity in the East. On the Western Terrace, one can observe two basins, of which one partially is filled which goes back to this time. This fortification was used as quartering with the troops of the brother of famous Connétable, which kept the coasts on behalf of King de France against the English and the Duke of Brittany.

The Mound-Jean is an example of the research of the hollows of grounds to shelter winds of Noroît. The old feudal mound, i.e. a defensive construction made up of an artificial ground hillock, profits from a favorable topography which allowed the use of a natural hillock. On the hillock a tower or keep is set up, generally of wood, is protected by a palisade. Only roofs emergent of the fields under the peak of the Hillock in the West and the peak of High the Mound-Jean in the East. The Mound-Jean is an island, surrounded by water in the East the low garden ets bordered of the brook of the Trinity, in the West seven sources supply 2 basins, which flow in ditches in North and the South, where meet in front of the old roadway the brook of the Mound-Jean and a river which comes from Recule (current Hercules). The brook then becomes the brook of the Trinity which is thrown in the handle Of Guesclin.

With crossed his old rabines, the Mound-Jean is in his current form a superb construction of the beginning of the 17th century (1625), of aspect seigneurial, with a flanked central body of projecting houses at the ends; it was used as model in Giclais built 50 years later in Saint-Servan.

Inside, remain a large staircase Renaissance with a very beautiful slope out of carved wooden, some woodworks, two vast kitchens with monumental chimneys, including one with baker's oven in the Northern wing, of large parts with ceilings with carved beams and beams Renaissances and of beautiful granite chimneys.

In the West, the old fortress with its water parts is to which a staircase leads to double evolution. The sight towards the East is pleasant, the French garden, in against-low terrace is bordered by a poplar plantation along the brook of the Trinity which separates Saint-Coulomb and Cancale. “The old pond and the ditches which will be lost in the South, between the timbered hills, compose a charming landscape” (D. Derveaux). The Vault of the Trinity

In the North of the old fortress, an old tower was transformed into vault, rectangular with its apse in North. One enters there by the court of the old farm of Low the Mound-Jean to the East or by the platform to the South.

The public door on the farmyard, presents a surmounted doric framing of an oval escutcheon to the crown of count; quartered to the 1 and the 4, of sand with three gold heads; to the 2 and the 3, three of the same rhombuses, on field of azure, in fact the weapons of Grout of Beauvais of Meurtel probably replaced those of the Marquis of Hindré.

The date of 1707 indicates a restoration, since there was a vault before this time (P. Banéat), whose chaplain was the abbot Charles Girot in 1708.

The Mound-Jean was taken 2 times by the English during the Seven Year old war 1746-1753.

During Revolution, one installed with Mound-Jean military hospital, which made it possible the Grout ladies of Beauvais, which had not followed their husband and father in emigration, to be used as point of rallying with the royal agents arriving and leaving for England or Chausey since the handle Guesclin.

In 1794, the Vault of the Trinity, or Holy Trinity, was used as common grave to dissolve in the quicklime 300 victims of the Carmagnole, in Cancale.

In 1799, the Auffret Abbot tells that two soldiers believers to have found turnips made a soup, they were roots of conium…

During the excavation work undertaken in 1976 and 1982, Philippe Luyt found several balls of gun out of stone of the time of Of Guesclin, but also out of irons and probably English dating from the Seven Year old war.

The pigeon one

In the South, a square tower of the feudal mound is in which, there are 600 putlog-holes (niches hones some for the pigeons) which indicate that to the 15th century, the Mound-Jean had more than 300 hectares of grounds, which corresponds to a band of one kilometer out of three connecting the handle Of Guesclin to Plessix Bertrand. The interior of pigeon is remarkable since it is cylindrical in a square body. There too, it is undoubtedly about a tower of defense transformed into pigeon.

Bibliography A. Dagnet. The Field Chicken, its Vaults, Castles and Gentilhommières. Paul Baneât. The department of They and Unpleasant, 1929. Daniel Derveaux. Gentilhommières of the country of Saint-Malo, 1965. Secretariat of State to the Culture. Malouinières, 1975. Auffret abbot. Saint-Coulomb, of the origins at our days, 1982. Alain Roman. Saga of Surcouf, 2006. Alain Bailhache. Malouinières, 2007. www.lamottejean.com

During centuries, the old fortress, adapted to its time, its function, it is today to the standards of modern comfort, a harbor preserved in one of the most beautiful areas of France.

The City Rings

The malouinière of the City Rings (Saint-Coulomb) was built in 1715 by Guillaume Eon, resulting from a family of rich person traders inhabitants of Saint Malo who had opened many counters abroad and in particular with Cadiz.

A more modest manor was held with the site of the current malouinière, the pigeon one, the vault and the walls enclosing are thus former (1666).

With the Revolution, the house was given up by its owners.

Successive property of the families Éon (in 1670), Magon lords of Chipaudière (in 1676), Éon (in 1776), then of the marquis de Penfentenio or Penfeunteunio (in 1789) and of the family Esnoul the Seneshal (of 1892 with 1946). It should be noted that in 1768, Julie Marie Eon wife the marquis Jonathas de Penfeunteunio.

The field was parcelled out twenty five years ago but the central alley leading to the water part was preserved, which protects the effect of prospect for the current garden.

The wallpaper of the large living room goes back to 1820 (manufacture Dufour and Leroy) and represents the arrival of Pizzare at the INCA S. exceptional Exemplaire, this panoramic is classified Historic building.

City-Rings proposes a guided visit of the park, vault, the pigeon one as well as interior with the living rooms, of the dining room and the hall. The schedules of the visits are available on their Internet site.

Montmarin

Malouinière built in 1760 by Aaron-Pierre Magon of Bosq.

This residence, classified historic building, contrast with the austere malouinières of the area and the luxury of its realization will ruin its owner.

Other malouinières

  • Malouinière of the Boss , with Saint-Jouan-of-Guérets the, built between 1715 and 1718,

  • Beauchêne , with Langrolay, traditional beginning XVIIIe, built on the ruins of the old castle by the navigator inhabitant of Saint Malo Gouin de Beauchêne who discovered one of the Falklands (Island Beauchêne) close to the Earth of Fire,

  • Chipaudière

  • Malouinière of the Wild Well (1720), built with the site of an old manor of the 15th century, with the hamlet of Saint-Etienne (Saint-Malo).

  • Malouinière of Balue , with Saint-Malo (18th century); it shelters today the Lycée Jacques Cartier

  • Malouinière of the Mount Flowered (18th century)

  • Malouinière of Longchamps , with Saint-Jouan-of-Guérets the (18th century)

  • Malouinière de Château Gilded , with Saint-Malo (17th century)

One of the first malouinières whose construction could be allotted to the family of ship-owners Magon. Architecture lets suppose a construction of the years 1660. Sobriety, the symmetry of architecture, the stringcourse drawn on the coating announce the architecture of the malouinières. The interior preserves origin the large staircase and the chimney of the kitchen. The park always presents commun runs, a well, a garden, the surrounding walls and a rabine of access.

  • Malouinière de Rivasselou , with Paramé (17th century)

Building built in 1789, being inspired directly by the model of the malouinière:
corps central including/understanding the parts " nobles" (living room and dining room), flanked of two lower houses, court completely separated from the garden by the surrounding wall, structures symmetrical, without decoration. The parts of the ground floor preserved their Lambris Louis XVI.

  • Ormerie , with Paramé (18th century)

Remarkable building gone back to 1725. One can observe it with the top of the boulevard of Rochebonne from where this malouinière dominated formerly by her splendor, the top of the Masses. It belonged to the captain Bossinot de Pomphily who traversed the China Sea on behalf of the Company of the Indies. The Bossinot family counted several prosecutors with Admiralty. Those represented the State and were charged to evaluate the cargo of the ships on their return. Among the descendants of Bossinot are Céleste Bush of the Vine, marries of François-Rene de Chateaubriand, several corsairs of which the Duhaut-Cilly brothers. They are combined with various families Falklands, Iron, Guillemaut of Peschers, Trublet and Surcouf.

  • Malouinière of the River , with Paramé (18th century)

Building gone back to 1730. Rises with three spans separated by oval œils-of-oxen in the frontage on court, chimneys shouldered, lintels of the windows forming drips, standard plan (entry in the hall containing the staircase and opening on room-with-eating it central, flanked on the one hand of a large living room, on the other hand kitchen with its Tréhory). The environment was modified in the years 1820-1830. Room-with-to eat its skirtings of origin preserved. The living room was completely modified at the 19th century.

  • Malouinière of Verderie , with Saint-Servan (17th century)

This remarkable building going back to 1637 is representative of the proto-malouinières. The plan collected in L, with turn of staircase octagonal out-work on the back of the home (visible since the street Dreux), still reveals the influence of the architecture of XVe-XVIe century. But its situation in periphery of Saint-Malo, the symmetry of the frontage on garden and the chimneys shouldered, attach the building to the architecture of the malouinières. Although the residence was altered at the XVIIIe century (woodworks of the ground floor, addition of a covered extension of one roof to Mansart), it preserved part of its skirting-partitions of the 17th century. The construction of Verderie is allotted to No5el Danycan, Seigneur of the Spine, powerful silent partner of the Compagnie of the Indies and one of most important fortunes of the kingdom, which observed, says one, the return of his ships top of the tower. Home and garden are registered with the Additional Inventory of the Historic buildings. Built towards 1730, most probably by the family Dufresne (corsairs and ship-owners), on a traditional level with five Span S. the decoration interior, very neat, (ceilings with Vault, Alcove S, dresser of fastener between two niches, chimneys…) remain practically intact.

References

External bonds

  • Distribution of the malouinières in the Field Chicken
  • Report of France 5 on Malouinière of the wild Well
  • malouinières: houses of the fields , on the site of the academy of Rennes.
  • Malouinières of preliminary Saint-Coulomb
  • Inventory of the DRAC

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