Makran

Deûle (in Dutch: Deule ) is a Rivière north of the France of which the essence of the course is channeled today (of Lens to Deûlémont). In its upstream part, it is still partly in a state natural and known under the name of Souchez.

Layout and junctions

The Souchez is consisted of the meeting, in the village of the same name, of two brooks, the Carency and the Saint-Nazaire.

Deûle channeled comprises three branches:

the channel of Lens or channel of Souchez according to the places,
the section of the Canal the Dunkirk-Scheldt says “channel of High Deûle”, or (improperly!) “High Deûle”, which ensures the connection between the Scarpe (Douai) and the channel of Surface (with Bauvin),
Deûle channeled, or Low Deûle, which ensures the connection since Bauvin between the Canal the Dunkirk-Scheldt and the joint Lys (Confluence with Deûlémont).

Downstream immediate of Lens, the channel has the effect of being in heightening compared to the close grounds. It is the consequence of the mining depressions.

History of the drain

The first installations

Deûle was sailed since the Gallo-Roman time between Lille and the Lily. It is into 1271 that the lord of the manor of Lille, Jean III, to whom it countess Jeanne of Flanders had just brought this portion of river in dowry, channeled Deûle of Lille to Based the, by draining the marshes of Haubourdin. At the beginning of XVIe century, navigation was wide still in the South by the drain of Souchez until Courrières and the city clothier of Lens, with the expenses of the middle-class men of the town of Lille.

Projects of Vauban

After the armies of Louis XIV had seized Lille (1667), Vauban contemplated a vast project of inter-Area drain so, to not only have water to flood the ditches of the news Citadelle of Lille, but also to delay the walk of the enemy troops in the event of against-invasion since the Netherlands. This project comprised:

a junction canal enters the Scarpe since Corbehem and the Sensée to Arleux (finished in 1690),
a channel with Summit pond (auj. channel High-Deûle), between Scarpe (since Extremely-of-Scarpe) until Courrières (finished in 1693). The summit pond being fed by Escrébieux,
a deviation of water of Deûle to the crossing of Lille from the island Rihour (which had given its name to the city) to the new citadel, creating the “arm of the Bar”.

The town of Lille assumed all the trickle charge of the water way since Extremely-of-Scarpe until Deûlémont, and perceived tolls until in 1798, date on which the Consulat took again in load the exploitation.

The time of coal

At the 19th century, to improve the supply coal of the town of Lille since the basin of the Scheldt, a group of investors obtains the adjudication of the Canal of Roubaix between the Scheldt and the Marque, affluent of Deûle whose confluence is with Inlay-lez-Lille. In 1880, the government decides to homogenize the characteristics of the French network to the Gabarit Freycinet, corresponding to the transit of the Flemish spits , circulating already on the channels of the North of France.

Installation with large gauge

In consequence of the two world wars and consecutive damage, the situation of the gauge does not develop any more on Deûle until 1954: this year, the European Conference of Paris plans to promote the inland waterways of the Scheldt, Deûle and the Lily for the navigation of the barges of more than 1000 T.

On Deûle, after the rebuilding of the lock with large gauge of Gift (1959), the setting with large gauge (3000 T) of the section Bauvin - Marquette is declared of public utility. Work begins as from 1968 with the section Ansereuilles- Haubourdin, and finishes with the construction of the new lock of the Great Square in Lille (1974-1977). In consequence of budgetary restrictions, work continues of Lille until Marquette only with one reduced gauge of 1350 T, and it is only by one program of regional financing (1978-1982) that the gauge is carried 350 T to 800 T enters Marquette and Deûlémont.

Work of widening begins again only in 1993 with the demolition of the lock of Deûlémont which involves a lowering of 1,83 m of the water level to the upstream of the junction with the Lys. After one decade of work, Deûle was opened with the gauge of 1350 T to the downstream of Lille in June 2004.

Environment

The Diagram of installation and management of water (WISE) Mark - Deûle is in the course of emergence.

External bonds

WISE Mark-Deûle on the site Gest' water
Dictionary of the rivers and channels of France in the Babel project: Deûle

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