According to the definition of AFNOR, the maintenance aims to maintain or restore a good in a specified state so that this one is able to ensure a given service. The maintenance thus gathers the actions of breakdown service and repair, adjustment, revision, control and checking of the material equipment (Machine S, vehicles, manufactured objects…) or even immaterial (software). A service maintenance can also have to take part in studies of improvement of the process, and must, like many services of the company, to take into account many constraints like quality, safety, the environment…

Origins

The activities of maintenance, within the meaning of breakdown service of equipment, always existed. But these activities at the beginning or were not formalized little: they were not necessarily ensured by specialized personnel, nor not framed by specific methods. Moreover, they primarily consisted in repairing equipment once this one was failing, but integrated only little the concept of " préventif" , i.e. of the interventions aiming at preventing a breakdown.

Formalized concept of " maintenance" (in the beginning, one spoke about maintenance) was born initially in industry from production from goods towards end of the year 70. From the years 1990, it penetrates the manufacturing sector of services and is likely to relate to all the branches of industry today: general services, real estate, transport, software…

Typology of the maintenance of the machines

There exist 2 ways complementary to organize the actions of maintenance:

  • the corrective Maintenance consists in intervening in order to repair equipment once this one is failing. It is subdivided in:

    • palliative Maintenance : breakdown service (provisional) of the equipment, allowing this one to ensure whole or part of a necessary function; it must however be followed by a curative action as soon as possible.
    • curative Maintenance : consisting of a handing-over in the initial state.

  • the preventive Maintenance consists in intervening on equipment before this one is not failing, in order to try to prevent the Panne. One will intervene in a preventive way either for reasons of Reliability (the consequences of a failure are unacceptable), or for economic reasons (that costs less) or sometimes practices (the equipment is available for maintenance only to certain exact moments). The preventive maintenance is subdivided in:

    • systematic, periodic or programmed Maintenance : These 3 terms are synonymous. They indicate operations carried out systematically, either according to a calendar bill book (at temporal periodicity fixes), or according to a periodicity of use (operating hours, many produced units, many movements carried out…) ;
    • conditional Maintenance : realized following statements, of measurements, revealing controls of the state of degradation of the equipment.
    • estimated Maintenance : realized following an analysis of the evolution of the state of degradation of the equipment.

Various methods make it possible to improve planning and the scheduling of the actions of maintenance:

In addition, there exist software of Gestion of Maintenance Computer-assisted (GMAO) specifically conceived to assist the services maintenance in their activities.

Typology of the maintenance of the software

In software data processing, one speaks rather regularly about 3 types of maintenance:

  • corrective maintenance: it consists in correcting the malfunctions or nonconformities of a software,
  • evolutionary maintenance: it consists in making evolve/move the application by enriching it by functions or additional modules, or by replacing an existing function by another, even by proposing a different approach.
  • adaptive maintenance: without changing the functionality of the software, it consists in adapting the application so that this one continues to function on more recent versions of the basic software, to even make migrate the application on new basic software (a basic software being a software necessary for the execution of an application; examples: operating system, basic management system of data);

External bonds

  • File IDECQ: The Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
  • terms indicating maintenance, in French and English

Internal bonds

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