Magnetic monopoly

A magnetic monopoly would be a type of particle of the Physique representing a specific magnetic load.

This type of particle, not observed to date, does not form part of the theory of the standard model. In spite of intense research, one did not find yet the least trace of this particle. It would however be a very remarkable discovery since on the one hand it would supplement in a natural way the theory of the electromagnetism while returning the completely symmetrical Maxwell's equations under the electric-magnetic Dualité and on the other hand it would give a natural explanation to the quantification of the electric charge. Indeed the Condition of Dirac of quantification resulting from considerations of the quantum Mécanique imposes on any electric charge $q_e \,$ and any magnetic load $q_m \,$ to check the following relation

q_e q_m = 2 \ pi N \ hbar \,

for a certain entirety

n \ in \ mathbb {Z}

and

\ hbar \,

the Constant of Planck. Thus, if one could show the magnetic existence of only one load it would result from this naturally a quantification from the electric charge in units of

\ hbar \,

Point of view of the Maxwell's equations

The experimental dissymmetry of the Maxwell's equations compared to the electric-magnetic duality is related to the fact that the Electric field is source by the usual loads which give him a nonnull Divergence but the Magnetic field is always of null Divergence because of the absence of corresponding concentrated loading. In experiments, the only source of the magnetic field comes from the existence of a Electric current i.e., a movement of electric charges.

The existence of magnetic monopolies would thus imply also the existence of magnetic currents which would also provide a source to the electric field of a nature different from the usual sources (localized load or induction).

In physics of the particles

Several theories of Great unification envisage the existence of monopolies or at least the possibility of their existence with high energy. These theories thus, currently are not validated yet or invalidated in the absence of observations in their field of prediction but one can imagine mechanisms explaining their nonobservation on our scale of usual energy of observation.

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