Magenza

Magenza and the Jewish name of Mainz.

As of Xe century, Mainz was a center of Jewish life important. The Jews of Magenza lived then in the street of Juiverie, today street of the former synagog. One of the most famous scientists of this period is Rabbenou Guershom (960-1028) which lived between Metz and Mainz. It was one of the first doctors of the law Ashkenaze S. It was him which prohibits the polygamy and the repudiation of the wife without her assent. If he taught with many pupils, its torch was taken again only by famous the Rachi, born 12 years after its death.

Two rabbis teach in Magenza at the IXe-10th century, Rabbi Moïse Old the and Rabbi Abun Large the. The son of the first, Rabbi Kalonymus left us a dozen comments on the Law considered as the oldest rabbinical writings of Europe (beginning 10th century).

In the chronicle of Dithmar, bishop of Mersebourg, for the first time a Jew of Magenza Kolonymus, to save Otton II severely beaten and misses being captured in Calabria by Buckwheats, in the Cape Colonna

The first synagog of 1093 was the place of prayers listed until in 1096 the year of Gezerot Tatnu , the beginning of the popular Croisade. During the tour of the popular crusade of the Jews are massacred in the Rhineland, plunderings and slaughters are perpetrated more than thousand Jews are killed in Magenza.

The Middle Ages

With the Middle Ages, the cemetery of the Jewish community was exterritorial, with the jourd' today the Hartenberg-Münchfeld district, the intersection of the road of Bingen-Am-Rhein.

At the end of XVe century, the relationship between Jews and Christians were impressed of benevolence, the political situation changed with the publication of the edict of the archbishop Adolphe II of Nassau which gave the archbishop jurisdiction on the Jews of Magenza. At the year 1470 it ordered the eviction of all the Jews residing of the city. At this point in time the evictions of Jews of the royal field occurred and the Jewish community of Magenza disappeared in the current from XVe century.

At the end of XVIe century and the beginning of XVIIe, some Jewish families were established in Magenza.

The accession of Napoleon Bonaparte to the capacity was a fundamental event for the emancipation of the Jews in all Europe. They had access to the civic equal rights and freedom of circulation, and were integrated into the nation.

See also: Napoleon and the Jews

Before the Second world war

The principal synagog, of style néo-Moorish, inaugurated in 1853, is the work of the architect Ignace Opfermann, famous architect of the town of Mainz was the synagoge for the Judaïsme reformed.

A room of prayers for the orthodoxe Judaïsme exists since 1855 in the street street of the former synagog.

At the end of the XVIIIe century new a synagog was essential. The principal synagog of 1900 had become too small. A new building should be in the middle of the town of Mainz in the new city Mainz-Neustadt.

Shoah

The second world war was for the Jewish community mayeçaise a tragedy. The persecution of the Jews, whose community counted 3.000 members, began in April. The synagogs were burnt at the time of the Night of crystal, and one made pay to the Jews clearing ruins, but the library could be saved. A parchment of the Torah which one had hidden with the seminar of Mainz, was discovered in 2003 and given to the Jewish community of Weisenau. The community set up on the frontage of the current Jewish center of 1952 a monument to the memory of 1159 of its members, missing in deportation. The majority was stopped at the time of the same raid during the year 1942.

The Jewish community of Magenza after the war counts 50. 24 found by the Concentration camp of Theresienstadt in 1945.

Recent history

Today, the community maintains the best relationships to the public authorities. Finally the recent development of the activities of the Religious Organization and Social Jew of Mainz makes it possible to open the synagog outside our community and to make known the Jewish culture in all the Hesse-Rhenish Area.

See too

Personalities of Magenza

  • Ibrahim ibn Jaqub (Abraham Ben Jacov)
  • Rabbenou Guershom
  • Yehuda Ben Meir
  • Yaakov Ben Yakar
  • Amram of Mainz
  • Amnon of Mainz (Rabbi Amnon, Ounetanè Toqef)
  • Elieser Ben Nathan
  • Asher Ben Yehiel
  • Jakob Ben Moses haLevi Molin, Yaakov haLevi Molin יעקבבןמשהמולין; MaHaRIL
  • Elazar Rokeach
  • Meir de Rothenbourg
  • Theodor Creizenach
  • Isaac Bernays
  • Ludwig Kalisch
  • Ludwig Bamberger, banking political personality of liberalism and publicity agent. Take part in the German Revolution of 1848
  • Ferdinand Eberstadt
  • Ferdinand Eberstadt
  • Anna Seghers
  • Carl Zuckmayer
  • Isaac Fulda, banker
  • Anni Eisler-Lehmann (1904 - 1999), singer will d´opéra mayençaise
  • Leo Trepp
  • Klaus Mayer
  • Ferdy Mayne

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