Madura
Madura (Gentilé: Madurais) is an island of Indonesia, located at broad of the east coast of Java but only with a few kilometers of the coast to the height of Surabaya, capital of the province of Java Is.
Its surface is of 5.250 km ² and its population of approximately 4 million inhabitants. Madura administratively forms part of the province of Java East.
History
The Nagarakertagama , poem epic writes in 1365 under the reign of the king Hayam Wuruk (1350-89) of Majapahit, draws up a list of the " regions tributaires" of Majapahit, which, in addition to Madura, Sunda and Bali, goes from Pahang in Malaysia to " Gurun" in the Moluques, while passing by Malayu with Sumatra and " Bakulapura" with Borneo.
In its Eastern Suma , Divided into volumes Worse, a Portuguese apothecary who of 1512 to 1515 lived with Malacca, whose sovereign was Moslem, writes that Madura is not yet Moslem. According to the tradition, Madurais would have started to convert with Islam in 1528, i.e. just after the catch of Kalapa, the port of the kingdom hindouist Sunda be born from Pajajaran in 1527 by a Moslem prince of Banten.
Madura is conquered in 1624 by the troops of the Sultan Agung de Mataram with Java. Agung imposes on the island, hitherto divided into several small principalities, a line which will take in 1678 the name of Tjakraningrat.
In 1671, prince Trunajaya, with the support of Javanese conspirators who project to seize the throne of Mataram, seizes the power with Madura. Combined with soldiers of Makassar who had fled Célèbes after the defeat of the sultanate of Gowa in front of the Dutchmen, Trunajaya undertakes to conquer Mataram, being claimed to go down from kings de Majapahit. In 1677, it takes the capital of Mataram, which it plunders, but it will end up being demolishes by the Javaneses combined to the Dutchmen.
The State de Madura
Created on January 23rd, 1948 at the instigation of the Dutchmen, the Negara Madura (" State de Madura") belonged to the République of the United States of formed Indonesia on December 14th, 1949, to be finally built-in with the Republic of Indonesia on March 9th, 1950. Its will walinegara (president) was prince R.A.A. Tjakraningrat.
Language and culture
The language maduraise, different from the Javanese, form with it only a group of the Austronesian branch of the Languages austronésiennes.
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