Madison (Wisconsin)

History

Madison was created in 1836 when the old federal judge James Duane Doty bought close to 4 km ² of marsh and forest on the isthmus enters the Lakes Mendota and Monona the " area of the 4 lacs" ( Furnace Lakes area ) with the intention to build a new city on this site. The Territoire of Wisconsin had earlier been created this same year and the legislature territoriel was with Belmont (Wisconsin). One of the tasks of the legislature was to choose a place to build to it invested capital territory. Doty strongly encouraged the legislature to choose Madison like new capital. There were two cities in the surroundings with this presenting as a capital, Madison and " The City off Lakes" Furnace; , close to current Middleton. In spite of the fact that Madison was still only one city on paper, the legislature territorial halfway voted on November 28th in favor of Madison because of its hiring between the news and growing town of Milwaukee in the east and the strategic station for a long time established Prairie of the Dog in the west, and also because of its proximity with the area of the black leads, strongly populated, with south-west and evec the oldest city of Wisconsin, Green Bay in the North-East. The city was named according to James Madison, a famous " Founding father " who had just died, and the avenues were named according to the 39 people having signed for the Constitution of the United States.

The last stone of the capitol of Wisconsin was posed in 1837, and the legislature met there for the first time in 1838. Madison was built-in like village in 1846, with a population of 626 inhabitants. When Wisconsin became a state in 1848, Madison remained the capital, and became the seat of the Université of Wisconsin-Madison. The Milwaukee & the Mississippi Railroad (predecessor of what will become the Milwaukee Road) connected Madison in 1854. Madison became a city in 1856, with a population of 6863 inhabitants. The original capitol was moved in 1863. Second burned in 1904, and the current capitol was built between 1906 and 1917.

During the American Civil War, Madison was the center of the Armée with the Union in Wisconsin. the intersection of Milwaukee, East Washington, Winnebago, and North Streets is known under the name of Union Corners , because a tavern being was there the last stop for the soldiers of the Union before leaving to fight the confederated . Camp Randall was built and used like a camp of drive, a military hospital, and a prison for the confederated soldiers captured. After the end of the war, Camp Randall was repurchased by the Université of Wisconsin-Madison. The Camp Randall Stadium was built on the site in 1917 and contained fusings military under the stage until recently.

Madison continued its expansion during the 20th century. Today Madison is the second plus big city of Wisconsin, and continues to strongly grow.

Geography and Climate

Geography

Madison is located at the center of the County of Dane in the center-south of Wisconsin, to 148 km in the west of Milwaukee. Madison is also to 235 km in the North-West of Chicago. The city almost entirely includes the common of Madison, as well as the villages of Maple Bluff and Shorewood Hills and the town of Monona. Madison divides border with its more outer suburbs such as Middleton, and three other communities, McFarland, Sun Prairie, and Fitchburg (which was a commune before being built-in). The edges of the city approach also the villages of Verona and Waunakee.

According to the United States Census Office, Madison has a surface of 219,3 km ². 177,9 km ² are grounds and 41,5 km ² are 18.91% are water.

The city is sometimes described like The City off Furnace Lakes (" The city of the 4 lacs"), including/understanding 4 successive lakes on the river Yahara: the Lake Mendota (" Fourth lac"), the Lake Monona (" Third lac"), the Lake Waubesa (" second lac") and the Lake Kegonsa (" First lac"), however the lakes Waubesa and Kegonsa are not currently in Madison, but this finds just in the south of this one. A fifth lake, smaller, the Lake Wingra, is also in the city, but not in the series of the lakes of the Yahara river. The downtown area is on a Isthme between the lakes Mendota and Monona, but the city for a long time extended beyond that. The Yahara river is thrown in the river Rock which further is thrown in the the Mississippi.

Climate

Madison, and all the south of Wisconsin, have a moderate Climat, or more specifically a climate of Eastern frontage (Classification of Köppen: Dfa ), characterized by a variable time and great differences in temperature between the seasons, with occasional snowfalls; in summer the temperatures often reach the 27 or 32 °C.

Demography

According to a census going back to 2000, there were 208.054 inhabitants in Madison, 89.019 Ménage S, and 42.462 families residing in the city.

The United States Census Bureau established that the Community répartion of the population was the following one: On the 89.019 households of Madison, 22,1% have a child of less than 18 years, 37,0% are married couples, 7,8% do not have husbands present, and 52,3% are not families. 35,3% of these households are made of a person including 7,1% of a person of 65 or more. The Middle Age of the population is 31 years. For 100 women it there 96,6 men. For 100 women of 18 or more, there are 95,0 men.

The average revenue of a household is of 31 543,47 € ($ 41.941), and that of a family of 45 005,15€ ($59 840). The men have an average revenue of 27 615,72€ ($36 718) against 22 977,50€ ($30 551) for the women. The average revenue per capita is of 17 672,92€ ($23 498). Nearly 5,8% to the families and 15,0% of the population lives in lower part of the Poverty line, including 11,4% of those in 18 year old lower part and 4,5% of those of 65 and more.

The urban Aire of Madison had 526.742 inhabitants in 2003, making of it the second urban surface more populated state, after Milwaukee. Dane County is also one of the counties to the fastest growth of Wisconsin, with nearly 60.000 people in more per decades.

Policy

Madison is associated with " Fighting Bob" Follette and the Left Progressist. The magazine of Follette, The Progressive , founded in 1909, is still published in Madison today. The city supported the democratic party at the time of the national elections during all second half of the 20th century, and the liberal parties and progressist often obtain the majority at the time of the municipal elections. The detractors call off Madison The People' S Republic Madison (in French: " The Popular republic of Madison"), or Left Coast off Wisconsin (in French: " The left side of Wisconsin"), or also 70 square miles off insanity surrounded by reality (in French: " 70 semi ² of madness surrounded by the réalité"). This last expression was used for the first time by the former republican governor of Wisconsin, Lee S. Dreyfus, during its program in 1978.

The Contre-culture was centered in the districts of Mifflin and Bassett Streets, called Mifflin-Bassett or Miffland . The zone includes/understands many buildings on three floors where the students and the followers of the counter-culture live, using of illicit substances, and taggant the walls. The district often has conflicts with the authorities, particularly with the republican mayor Bill Dyke. Dyke was seen by the students like an antagonist with the protest of the Guerre of Vietnam, because of her efforts with an aim of removing all the riots on the campus which had caused property damages. Mifflin Street Block annual Party became a point of protest.

During the end of the Years 1960 and the beginning of the Years 1970, thousands of students and citizens took part in a walk anti-War of Vietnam, with incidents plus violent one drawing the national attention to the city and the university campus:

the protest of the students on the Dow Chemical in 1967, with 74 wounded;
the strike of 1969 for a greater safety and more rights for the students Afro-Americans, who required the deployment of the National guard;
the fire of 1970 which damaged the office of the president of ROTC of the army in Old Red Gym;
the bomb of the summer 1970 with ANFO of the Sterling Hall which lodges the Army Mathematics Research Center , killing a student, Robert Fassnacht. Four people of the " New Year' S Gang" were related to the explosion. (see Explosion of the Sterling Hall)

These protests were the subject of documentary the '' The War At Home '' Tom Bates wrote also the book Rads on this subject ().

The voters of the city are more liberal than it of the remainder of Wisconsin. For example, 76% voted against the amendment which was going to prohibit homosexual, even if this one passed on the level of the State with 59% of the voices.

The mayor Dave Cieslewicz is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition . The coalition Co-is directed by the mayor of Boston, Thomas Menino, and that of New York, Michael Bloomberg.

Religion

Diocese of Madison
the Community Madison Baha' I

Economy

The government of Wisconsin and the Université of Wisconsin-Madison are the two larger employers of Madison. However, the saving in Madison, today, evolves/moves of an economy based on gourvernement with a saving in services of consumption and high technology, particularly in health, the Biotechnologie and the advertizing sector. Starting in the years 1990, the city knew an economic boom suddenly and, comparatively, was almost not reached by the recession. The majority of the expansion took place in the south and the west of the city, but it is also felt on the part is close to the Interstate 39, 90 and 94 and along the banks north of the lake Mendota. The support for the boom is the development of High-Tech companies, much of activities stimulated by the Université of Wisconsin-Madison working with local companies and contractors to transfer the academics research result in public applications, as in biotechnology.

Certain sectors are attracted by competences of Madison, by using the high level of local education. According to city-data.com, Madison has 48,2% of its population having more than 25 years having the vat or a higher level. The magazine Forbes reported into 2004 that Madison has the most percentage of Ph.D.s in the country. In 2005, Forbes listed the city like that having low unemployment rate with 2.5%, less than half of that of the United States in 2004. In 2006, the same magazine named Madison like 31^ème in signal 200 for the " Better Places for the Businesses and Carrière." Forbes , moreover, named Madison in the signal 10 several times in the previous decades.

According to the Wisconsin State Newspaper , Madison and the town of Milwaukee will cooperate to bring more businesses in the area. One of the hopes of this project includes the awaited arrival of the regional rail-bound transport. As the two cities develop and approach more and more, the area is sometimes called " Madwaukee". The greatest area which includes Chicago and Mineapolis-St. Paul was called " Circle City" .

Trade

The largest employer of Madison is the government of the state of Wisconsin, thus including all the State Departments such as the Wisconsin Department off Natural Resources, the Wisconsin Department off Tourism, the Wisconsin Department off Corrections, the Wisconsin Attorney General, and others. This includes also the Université of Wisconsin-Madison.

Madison is also the site of reception of companies such as North-American divisions of Spectrum Brands (in the past Rayovac), of Combining Energy, American Family Insurance, the Credit Union National Association, of CUNA Mutual Group. The companies of technology of the zone are the TomoTherapy, the Sonic Foundry, the Raven Software, the Human Head Studios, the Renaissance Learning, the Flame Face Software, the Epic Systems Corporation, and the Berbee Information Networks. Certain biotechnological firms also exist in the sector, of which PanVera, now belonging to Invitrogen, the Promega, the Third Wave Technologies and the Nimblegen based in Iceland.

Oscar Mayer was established in Madison during decades, and was family affairs during several years before being resold with the Kraft Foods. The chain of pizza pie Rocky Rococo and Pizza Pit began both in Madison. Madison is also the place or sits the presidents of the Famous Footwear.

The University of Wisconsin Hospital & Clinics is an important regional center of training and a traumatic center. Other hospitals of Madison include the St Mary' S Hospital, the Meriter Hospital and the GOES Medical Center.

Education

In Madison is the Université of Wisconsin-Madison, as well as the Edgewood College, the Madison Area Technical College, the Herzing College, and the Madison Media Institute, bringing to the city a population coed of 50.000 people. The University of Wisconsin contributes in majority to this contribution with to it only nearly 41.000 students. This does of them one of the largest universities of the United States. The sport is one of the great specialities of the university, in the interior field and the inter-university field. The team of athletes of the university, called " The Badgers" , are regarded as one of best through the United States.

Additional programs are available on satellite campuses such as that of Lakeland College, of the Upper Iowa University, the Université of Phoenix, and with Cardinal Stritch University for the students having a full-time employment.

The Madison Metropolitan School District extends on the city and the villages neighborhood. With approximately nearly 25.000 students divided in 46 schools, it is one of the largest districts of Wisconsin. Madison had more than 6 times the statu of semi-finalist in the national concour of the school merit which compares the districts. The 5 university are: James Madison Memorial, Madison West, Madison East, Madison LaFollette, and Malcolm Shabazz. The majority of the notable schools private are Edgewood High School, on the campus of the Edgewood College and Wingra School which accompanies the pupils by the nursery school to the 8^ème rank. St Ambrose Academy is a university going of the 6^ème to the 12^ème rank.

Transport

Madison is served by the Regional Aéroport of the County of Dane, which serves 100 commercial flights on average per day, and nearly 1,6 million passengers per annum. The Madison Metro is the srvice of bus of Madison which serves the city and the neighbouring localities. The latency between each bus, without the transfer, is of a half hour or more Madison has also its taxis.

A Light subway was proposed, but remained with the state of project during years. A Line at high speed on the basis of Chicago passing through Milwaukee and Madison until Mineapolis-St. Paul, was also proposed as a Midwest Regional Rail Initiative . However during a certain time, when the former Governor of Wisconsin Tommy Thompson was the president of Amtrak, the station nearest was with Columbus (Wisconsin). the buses régionauc connect Madison to Milwaukee, Janesville, Beloit, and in Illinois, Rockford, the International airport O' Hare of Chicago, and Chicago.

The services of train of freight are operated in Madison by the Wisconsin and Southern Railroad ( WSOR ), which operates there since 1980, having to succeed the railway network owner at the 19th century, the Chicago and North Western and the Milwaukee Road . Some of the light subways should use the ways of the WSOR, like the line between the Kohl Center and Middleton.

The Interstate 39, 90, and 94 cross in Madison, binding the city to Milwaukee; Chicago; Rockford; and Mineapolis-St. Paul.

Media

See also List from stations TV in Madison, List from stations radios in Madison, List of magazines of Wisconsin, List of newspapers of Wisconsin

Madison is a city or a large variety of publications takes place what shows its role of capital and its political and cultural diversity. The Wisconsin State Newspaper (circulation day laborer: ~95,000; Saturdays: ~155,000) is published the morning, whereas the The Capital Times (Monday-Saturday: ~20,000) is published in the afternoon. However plain in an agreement of operation it are published under the name of Capital Newspapers, the Journal is had by the Lee Enterprises, while the Times is independent. Wisconsin State Journal is downward Wisconsin Express , founded on the Territory of Wisconsin in 1839. The Capital Times was founded in 1917 by William T. Evjue, a businessman in dissension with the State Journal which had criticized the senator of the state, Robert Mr. Follette, Sr. for its opposition to the entry of the United States in the First World War. Separately the Capital Newspapers , Lee also has many of other newspapers in the south-west of Wisconsin and the North-East of the Iowa.

The reception city also the weekly magazine Isthmus (circulation weekly: ~65,000), which was founded in 1976. The Onion , a satiric weekly, also founded in Madison in 1988 and kept its seat in the city, although the editors were moved in New York in 2000. Two student newspapers are published during the school year, The Daily Cardinal (Monday-Friday: ~10,000) and The Badger Herald (Monday-Friday: ~16,000). The Herald began during the tumult of the Guerre of Vietnam like preserving alternative to the liberal jounal Cardinal . Madison is also the place of edition of several newspapers on the music, the policy, and the sports, of which The Madison Times , Wisconsin Sports Weekly The Mendota Beacon , The Madison Observer , and The Simpson Street Free Close .

In Madison is also the The Progressive , a periodical of left who is very known for attque government in 1979 so that the Progressive one removes one of the article before its publication. However, the magazine used the First amendment, United States/The Progressive, Inc. During the years 1970, there were two radical weekly magazines published in Madison, the TakeOver and the Free for All .

WORT Community Radio was founded by of Madisoniens progressist in 1975 is one of the oldest radios of the United States. WORT offers to its listeners musical programs and debates.

The signal FM of the WORT is captable up to 96-192 km around Madison. The station emits its program in high quality (96K) and in low quality (32K).

The station of Public Wisconsin Radio operator of Madison, WHA, was one of the first radios to be emitted in the United States, and continues still today.

Culture

Music

See also: Music of Madison

The music in Madison covers a broad spectrum of musical genres.

The Opéra of Madison presents one full season with at least two productions and popular the Opera in the Park (which accommodated nearly 10.000 music lovers during the summer 2005).

Popular groups and musics

Garbage is the group more recognized by the city for its contribution to the popular music. The multi-million albums sold by the pop-rock'n'roll group is based out of Madison since its formation in 1994 by the producer Butch Vig of Viroqua. Vig is well-known for the creation of famous albums of groups such as The Smashing Pumpkins and Nirvana.

Musical festivals

The summer months premettent the discovery of the festivals of music of the city, most known the Waterfront Festival , the Willy St Fair , the Atwood Summerfest , the Madison Area Music Awards Show , the Orton Park Festival , the Greekfest , WORT Block Party and the Madison Blues Festival , with each time of new festivals. One of the last additions is the " Celebrates of Marquette" , taking place around the July 14th (the Storming of the Bastille ), at Central Park. This new festival celebrates the French music.

Madison reception also a festival of the Electronic music, the Reverence. Folkball is a festival of Musique of the world and traditional Danse being held each year in January.

Art

The museums are the Chazen Museum off Art of the Université of Wisconsin-Madison (in the past Elvehjem Museum), the Wisconsin Historical Museum (maintained by the Wisconsin Historical Society), the Wisconsin Veterans Museum, the Madison Children' S Museum, and the Madison Museum off Contemporary Art. Madison is also the center or is various independent art galleries. Madison reception annual the Art Fair one the Public garden, an exposure, and its complement the Art Fair Off the Public garden.

Structure

The dome of the Capitole of the State of Wisconsin, strongly inspired of that of Washington, is the jewel of Madison; it is visible of anywhere in the agglomeration grace its position on the isthmus (and a law of state limiting the height of the buildings to one mile around).

The architect Frank Lloyd Wright passed the majority of his childhood to Madison and briefly studied at the University. Wright drew the Usonia. The Monona Terrace, a center of conferences on the Lake Monona, was drawn by the architect Anthony Puttnam.

Sports

The Wisconsin Badgers (NCAA) evolve/move with the Kohl Center (Basket-ball and Hockey) and with the Camp Randall Stadium (American football).

Madisoniens Notable National league of hockey

Notable people in connection with Madison:

Anarchist Althouse, law professor
Andrea Anders, actress/actress
David Atwood, Mayor of Madison, editor of newspapers, Representing of the United States
Tammy Baldwin, member of the congress
Connie Carpenter-Phinney, cyclist
Chris Farley, actor/actor having grows in Madison
Russ Feingold, American Senator
Mike Gosling, player of professional baseball
Benjamin Heckendorn, creator of portable video game
Beth Heiden, Patineur speed Olympic
Eric Heiden, Olympic Skater speed
Nick Hexum, musician of 311
Phil Hellmuth, player of professional Poker
Mark Johnson, Olympic Team of Hockey (US) in 1980, National league of hockey
Alex Jordan, Jr., businessman, architect
Philip Mayer Kaiser, diplomat
Jerry Kelly, professional golfor
Phil Kessel, player of the National league of hockey
Robert Mr. Follette, Sr., senator, lawyer
Aldo Leopold, ecologist
Kid Nichols, member of the Temple of re-elected baseball
Chris Noth, actor
Steve Perlman, artist
Vinnie Ream, sculptor of Lincoln on the rotunda of Capitol
Barry Richter, hockey player
Pleasant Rowland, businesswoman, creative of American Girl living in Madison
August Sauthoff, physicist and psychiatrist
Harry Sauthoff, man of law and politicking
Bob Suter Olympic Team of Hockey (US) in 1980, National league of hockey
Ryan Suter, player of the National league of hockey
Bradley Whitford, actor
Ella Wheeler Wilcox, popular poet ( " Laugh and the world laughs with you" ), grows in Madison
Frank Lloyd Wright, architect

Writers and journalists:

Lowell Bergman, producer of televisual information
Kevin Henkes, author of books for child
David Maraniss, author and victorious journalist of the Price Pulitzer
Jacquelyn Mitchard, novelist
Doug Moe (writer), journalist and author
John Roach, author
Thornton Wilder, author of plays

Points of Interest

Combining Energy Center the Veteran' S Memorial Coliseum
Babcock Hall Dairy Blind
Camp Randall Stadium
Chazen Museum off Art
Zoo Henry Villas
Hilldale Shopping Center
the Kohl Center
Monona Terrace, center of conference located at the edge of the lake Monona
Memorial Union
Olbrich Botanical Gardens
Overture Center for Arts
State Street
principal the Shopping malls, East Towne Badly and West Towne Badly
University of Wisconsin-Madison
University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum
University of Wisconsin Field House
University of Wisconsin Memorial Geological Union
Museum of the University of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Historical Society
Capitole of the State of Wisconsin

Twinnings

Ainaro in Eastern Timor, since 2001
Arcatao with El El Salvador
Vat Giang with the Vietnam
Cuzco with the Peru
Camaguey with Cuba, since 1988
Freiburg-in-Brisgau in Germany, since 1986
Managua with the Nicaragua, since 1987
Mantua in Italy, since 2001
Obihiro with the Japan
Vilnius in Lithuania

References

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