Madhhab

The word madhhab (Arab: مذهب, plural:. مذاهب, design; belief; Moslem legal school ) evokes in Arab a way followed in the interpretation of the traditional sources (Coran and Hadith). This term thus refers to the Fiqh, jurisprudence Musulmane.

schools

Disappeared

Several maḏâhib sunnites old disappeared:

the school of Mecque (in particular ʿAṭaʾ ibn Abî Rabâḥ)
the school of Damas (known like that of Awzâʿî - 157h.)
the Motazilisme
the school of Sufyân Ath-Thawriy (- 161h.), of Abû Thawr 854)
Abû Jaʿfar aṭ-Ṭabarî (known like Jaririya)
of Dâwûd Azh-Zhâhiriy (- 157 = 9th century). The maḏhab of this last, known as zhâhirite was revivified by Ibn Hazm at the 11th century in Andalusia, before disappearing in its turn.

Recognized by the sunnites

The maḏâhib recognized today are for the Sunnisme: the Malékisme, the Hanafisme, the Chaféisme and the Hanbalisme.

Not recognized by the sunnites

The Ibadisme of Abdullah ibn-Ibad At-Tamimi. Concerning the Shiite : the Jafarisme and the school of the zaydites.

Recent history

The July 6th 1959, Mahmoud Chaltout, vice-chancellor of the Mosquée Al-Azhar of the Cairo delivers a historical Fatwa recognizing the Jafarisme ( Ja `fari ) like a maḏhab, a Moslem legal school which is religieusement correct to follow in the worship, as can the being of other schools of jurisprudence sunnites. Thereafter, the Al-Azhar institute will take its distances with this decision, just like the majority of the sunnites.

See too

the Kalâm

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