Madeleine Furrier

Biography

Initially anthropologist, it studied the relationship between the size of the cranium and the Intelligence according to the theories of Paul Pierre Broca. Then, she worked with Charles Letourneau and Leonce Manouvrier. Disputing the idea according to which the intelligence would be proportional to the volume of the cranium which underlay that of a intellectual inferiority of the Femme, it broke with anthropology to devote itself to the Psychiatrie as of 1906. It was also the first internal woman in a psychiatric asylum of State.

Assiduous to the feminist meetings and anarchistic since adolescence, it also launched out in 1906 in the activism, becoming secretary of an organization entitled the Solidarity of the women whom it establishes like one of most radical of the time.

In 1908, it represented this group with the demonstrations of Hyde Park for the vote of the women. It also published the suffragist . For this period, it helped to establish the French Section of the International worker and, as of 1905 and until the First World War, was member of its national council. It was also the deputy in the majority of socialist international congresses for its political party before the war. During the war, she worked for the Croix-Rouge, by assisting the soldiers of all countries combatants.

She also pointed out herself like freemason. Since 1904, it was member of the cabin “the News Jerusalem”, which accepted like members of the men as well as women. However, it was often in disagreement with its cabin, because it militated for the Avortement and the Contraception. In this field, its opinions were very close with those to the French movement Néo-Malthusian -- she even wrote for a review of this name.

Moreover, Madeleine Pelletier wrote much on the subject of the women's rights, and its works include/understand: the woman fights about it for her rights (1908), Idéologie of yesterday: God, morals, the fatherland (1910), sexual emancipation of the woman (1911), Right to the abortion (1913), and the feminist education of the girls (1914).

The way in which Madeleine Pelletier got dressed also showed its ideas: it had short hair and got dressed like a man. It had also decided not to have sexual relations. These actions were seen like an attack carried against the sexual identity. While writing in the way in which it got dressed, it said: “I will show mine [[centres]] as soon as the men start to get dressed with a kind of pants which shows leur …”

It went on a journey illegally in Russia in 1921, after which it made publish My adventurous voyage in communist Russia , initially published in the review the Voice of the Woman , later published as a book (1922). However, it left the Communist party in 1926 to embrace the Anarchisme. It then started to write Romance S utopiens, and in 1933 it wrote a Autobiographie, the virgin woman

Madeleine Pelletier underwent in 1937 a Cerebral vascular accident which left it partially paralyzed. However, it continued to practice abortions, which was worth to him to be stopped in 1939. She was placed in an asylum, where its physical and mental health worsened. She died not very front 1940.

References

Allen, C.S. (2003). Sisters off Another Leaves: Freemason Women in Modern France, 1725-1940. The Newspaper off Modern History , 75: 783-835
Gordon, F. (1990). Integral The Feminist, Madeleine Furrier, 1874 - 1939, Feminism, Socialism and Medicine. Polity Close
Sowerwine, C. (1991). Activism and Sexual Identity - the Life and Words off Furrier, Madeleine (1874-1939). Social movement , 157: 9-32
Sowerwine, C. (2003). Woman' S Brain, Man' S Brain: feminism and anthropology in late nineteenth-century France. Women' S History Review , 12: 289-307
Christine Bard. girls of Marianne. History of feminisms 1914-1940 . Paris, Beech, 1995

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