Made up Neume

The Neume S basic used in Gregorian chant can be supplemented by prefixes small groups or suffixes, or by composition of several neumes.

Series of Punctum and Tractulus

In cursive notation, the basic groups can be preceded or followed by a series from two or three Punctum or tractulus.

the punctum has a light, neutral value. The corresponding notes are based in a collective movement which can thus be fast.
Conversely, the tractulus has a full syllabic value (it is the épisémée version of the punctum), and each note of the movement must be stated in its individuality, therefore more slowly.

The series are generally homogeneous, but one meets sometimes mixed descents of type where the tractulus mark end of a incidental clause (and in some manuscripts is even épisémé).

These series of light notes are generally behind the neume, it is rarer to find one or more notes of preparation (always ascending).

Praepunctis indicates the addition of puncta before a neume. Thus, a scandicus **/is analyzed like a virga praepunctis ** +/. One describes as such neumes of " praepunctum " when they are preceded by only one note, “ praebipunctis ” or “ praetripunctis ” when there is more (the generic term being “ praepunctis ”, which implies two notes of preparation rather). When the neume itself starts with a descent, there are implicitly two puncta added.
Subpunctis the most frequent case is that where a neume is followed of one or two notes of connection downwards. One qualifies it then subpunctis , which generally corresponds to the case of subbipunctis , followed by two notes (when there are three of them or more, one normally specifies it). A climatus /** is analyzed like a virga subpunctis .
Compunctis indicates the addition of puncta at the same time before and after a neume.

Posterior notes of articulation

The neumes notes preserve their name when the last notes continue the initial movement. They receive qualifiers which describe the notes which prolong them, when these notes correspond to a change of movement:

Resupinus (of Latin resupinus, has, um , reversed, which rectifies the head, carefree man) is said of a neume which finishes normally while going down, when it is followed of a note setting out again towards the acute one: Torculus respinus. One sees sometimes respinus , but this form appears incorrect. Thus, the scandicus /\/is analyzed as a clivis respinus /\ +/
Strophicus indicates a prolongation on the same note. One also says “with orsicus”. Pes strophicus, clivis strophica. The Strophicus corresponds to the notation of the neume, and the Oriscus with its rhythmic interpretation.
Flexus (in Latin: inflected) a neume indicates which finishes normally while going up, when it is followed of a note setting out again downwards: Porrectus flexus , Scandicus flexus . Initially, for example, the clivis /\ was indicated by virga flexa /+ \, and the torculus \/\ by pes flexus \/+ \.

Groups neumatic

The groups neumatic superimpose two or more of the preceding elements neumatic. One continues to speak about “neume” (complex) as long as there are only two or three elements neumatic. Beyond, one will speak rather about melism.

One named formerly “the neume” (with female) the melism which follows the alleluia, or which finishes some antiennes.

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