Macadam
The macadam is a technique of macadamization of the Chaussée S developed by the Écossais John Loudon McAdam (September 21st 1756 - November 26th 1836).
Its principle is to proceed in successive layers of Granulométrie S decreasing: large elements are placed at the base, to ensure solidity, then smaller to fill the vacuums and finally, on the surface, a layer of materials finely crushed then compacted comes “to close” the unit.
Moreover, the roadway being equipped with a crossfall and if possible elevated compared to the close grounds, it is safe from water, from where less mud and a better longevity.
Thereafter, the sealing of surface was improved by impregnation of Bitume or Goudron. Later still, the macadamized roadways were covered with concrete of bitumen or tar whose celebrates it Tarmacadam (or tarmac ) of the Aérodrome S (in English, tar means tar ). By extension, the term macadam is employed today, wrongly, in this last direction.
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