MIL-STD-1553

The standard MIL-STD-1553 describes a bus of communication series largely used in avionique.
A first version of this standard was published in 1973.
The current version is version MIL-STD-1553B, published in 1978.
In addition to in military avionics, this bus is largely used in satellites.

General information

A bus " 1553" is a bus series.
  • It acts of a bus multiplexed in time.
  • Its support physical is an armor-plated twisted pair of impedance characteristic of 78 Ohms.
  • the standard definite two authorized types of connection: " long coupling stub" or " coupling direct".
  • connections are carried out using transformers of coupling.
  • the definite standard the presence of a cable " A" and of a cable " B" in order to ensure the redundancy
  • the coding of information is carried out in " Manchester II Bi-phase".
  • the level of output voltage of the transmitter is lower than 10V.
  • the duration of a bit is of 1µs.
  • the transmitted minimal entity is of 20 bits: 3 bits of synchronization (by violation of code), 16 bits of data and a bit of parity.
  • the protocol is of " type; Master-esclave" : all the communications are initiated by a " bus controler" or BC; the others entitées connected are " remote terminal" or RT.
  • the BC is often the trip computer.
  • the RT are the peripherals: instruments or actuators.
  • 30 RT can be connected on a bus.
  • the BC initiates the transfer by an order is BC-RT (sending of data to the RT or " receive") that is to say RT-BC (recovery of data coming from the RT or " transmit").
  • the BC can also initiate transfers RT-RT.
  • the ordering of transfer indicates how much words, from 16 bits, will be transmitted. A maximum of 32 words can be transmitted in an exchange.
  • a word of statute east accompanies each exchange.
  • In addition to the orders of transfers, the BC can send commands such as " Synchronize" , " Transmiter shutdown" , " Build in test" , etc

Assets

The assets of this bus are:
  • It is deterministic
  • It is robust with the disturbances
  • It is well adapted to its mission in its environment of avionics although after 30 years it starts to assemble its limits in term of flows and addressing.
  • It is well-known by the actors of electronics specific to the planes and space engines
  • There exists a range of components hardened to establish it: cables, connectors, coupler of bus, transformers of coupling, tranceiver, etc These components are qualified for military or space applications. It support a wide beach of temperatures and resist radiations.
  • There exists a handbook defining the methods of establishment, qualification and test: MIL-HDBK-1553.
  • There exist many tools of development and test.
  • There exist cores of code VHDL, qualified, making it possible to establish this protocol in FPGA or ASIC with functions of interface towards the electronics of the RT.

Anecdotes

  • This bus is used in the London subway
  • the address of the RT is read only once during their powering. This rule is the consequence of losses of address which have occurred in the first version of the bus. These losses of address were due to the vibrations generated by the use of the weapons of edge on combat helicopter.

Bonds

  • MIL-STD-1553B September 21st, 1978 the standard itself
  • MIL-HDBK-1553A 1 November 1988 the handbook (handbook): very large file pdf
  • Year Interpretation off MIL-STD-1553B an explanation

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