Möngke

Mongka or Möngke (Mongolian Mönx , “eternal”), also called Mangu Khan , wire of Tolui, the fourth and the last wire of Gengis Khan and its principal wife Börte (1209 - 1259).

In 1251, it was elected fourth supreme Khan Mongolian, date which marks the setting with the variation of the branch of Ögödei, third wire of Gengis Khan and Börte and supreme second Khan after the death of his/her father in 1227.

The election

Batu accepts the proposal of Sorgaqtani, wife of Tolui, to raise his/her Möngke son with the dignity of large khan. The quriltay is convened in the oulous of Batu, in the area of Alamag, in the north of the lake Issyk Kul. The representatives of the branches of Ögödei and Djaghataï do not take part in it, or leave it before the term. Later, in front of the opposition of the two eliminated branches, Batu considers it necessary to convene a second quriltay in the old field of camping. His/her brother Berké takes part in it and Möngke is confirmed like large khan. He first of all endeavors to alleviate the dynastic discords. He makes imprison his adversary Chiremune which had tried to attack it, disarms his soldiers and makes carry out his Tchin-kaï adviser. The ex-regent Oghul Qaïmich is eliminated: Möngke makes it lock up in a bag then to drown. Chiremune knows the same fate.

The reign

Möngke restores in party the unit of the empire (only Batu remains almost independent) and the administrative machinery restores some.

In 1253, Möngke holds a quriltay with the source of the Onon where it gives the order to his brothers the order to go to conquer the world. It charges the junior Hülegü with annexing to the Turkestan the caliphate of Baghdad and the Mésopotamie and to Kubilay to lead a forwarding against the China of the Song.

The second Karmapa, Karma Pakshi (1206 - 1283) voyage much and in particular in Mongolia and becomes famous teaching. It was particularly honoured by Möngke Khan which was recognized by the Karmapa like a former disciple.

Möngke Khan, “the eternal”, died in 1259 during a seat during a campaign against the Song and, in 1260, his/her brother Khubilaï was elected fifth and last supreme Khan until its death in 1294; it was to become emperor of China, founder in 1279 of the dynasty of the Yuan and owner of Marco Polo.

Wives and descent

Qututai Khatun, girl of Manggechen, Onggirat chief, filc of Che, brother of Börte, the wife of Gengis Khan

Yesuder Khatun, girl of Manggechen, Onggirat chief, filc of Che, brother of Börte, the wife of Gengis Khan (remariée with Yobuqur, wire of Ariq Bokë, wire of Tolui)

Qutuqtai Khatun, girl of Uladai (wire of Bötu, Ikire chief), and of the Antu princess, grand-daughter of Ogodei Khan, of which it had:

Baltu (first wire)
Urüng Tash (second wire), father of

Olzai, prince de Wei, father of

Princess Nülün, married Albadai, wire of Aibuqa, chief Ongut

Bayalun Khatun, married to Qurin, wire of Jaqurchin, wire of Bötu, chief ikire

De Oghul Qaimish Khatun, girl of Qutuqa beki, chief of Oirat, it had:

Shirin Khatun, married Chochimtai, wire of Taichu, chief of Olqunu' C
Bichqa Khatun, married to his/her beautiful brother Chochimtai

De Bayaujin, concubine, tribe of Bayaut, it had:

Shiragi (third wire)

De Küiteni, concubine, tribe of Eljigin, it had:

Asutai (fourth wire)

Quotations

E. Conze brings back in its work on Buddhism two words of Möngke, which, whereas it supported Nestoriens, Buddhist and taoists in the north of the India, towards 1250, watch the opening of its politicking spirit. With the Franciscain Guillaume de Rubrouck, he declared: “all the religions are like the fingers of the same hand”, whereas he said to the Buddhists that their movement was as the palm of this hand whose fingers were the other religions.

External bonds

Genealogy

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