Mérinides

• 1361 - 1366: Muhammad Ben Ya `qûb
• 1366 - 1372: Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Aziz Ben `Ali
• 1372 - 1393: Taken again “reign of the viziers”

*1372 - 1373: Muhammad sits `îd

*1374 - 1384: Abû Al `Abbâs with Fès.

*1384 - 1386: Mûsâ Ben Fâris (Il ensured a kind of interim during the reign of Abû Al `Abbâs)

*1386 - 1387: Al-Wathiq (Il ensured the second part of the interim in the reign of Abû Al `Abbâs)

*1384 - 1387: Abû Zayd `rear-Rahman Abd (Pendant the reign of Abû Al `Abbâs with Fès it reigned on Marrakech )

*1387 - 1393: Abû Al `Abbâs (second part of the reign)

• 1393 - 1396: Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Aziz Ben Ahmad
• 1396 - 1398: Abû `Âmir `Abd Allah
• 1398 - 1421: Abû Its `id `Uthmân Ben Ahmad
• 1420 - 1465: Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq

Chronology of the Mérinide empire

• 1215 : Banû Marin (Mérinides) see the occasion to attack the Almohades when the very young caliph Almohade 16 years Yûsuf Al-Mustansir seizes the power in 1215; the battle takes place on the coast of the Rif; it was a rout for Almohades.

• 1217 : `Abd Al-Haqq dies during a victorious combat against Almohades, his/her son `Uthman Ben `Abd Al-Haqq succeeds to him like sultan mérinide. Mérinides take possession of the Rif and seem to want to remain about it there. In fact on the contrary the Almohades take the initiative of vain counter-attacks.
• 1240 : `Uthman Ben `Abd Al-Haqq is assassinated by one of its Christian slaves, his brother Muhammad Ben `Abd Al-Haqq succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1244 : Muhammad Ben `Abd Al-Haqq is killed by an officer of the militia of Christian mercenaries, Abû Yahyâ Ben `Abd Al-Haqq, the third wire of `Abd Al-Haqq, succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1249 : Severe repression of an anti-mérinide conspiracy with Fès.
• 1258 : `Abd Al-Haqq dies of disease, it is buried in the Nécropole of Chella close to Rabat. His/her uncle Abû Yûsuf Ya `qûb Ben `Abd Al-Haqq, fourth wire of `Abd Al-Haqq succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1260 : Raid of the Castilian against Salted.
• 1269 : Catch of Marrakech and end of the domination Almohade in the Western Maghreb. The mérinides give up however installing the capacity with Marrakech, they prefer to build a new city Fès-Jdid in 1276.
• 1274 : The mérinides seize Sijilmassa.
• 1276 : Construction of Fès-Jdid. A new city beside Fès which appears rather as a new district of Fès is called Fès the News (Fès Al-Jdid) in opposition to Fès the Old one (Fès Al-Bali).
• 1286 : Abû Yûsuf Ya `qûb Ben `Abd Al-Haqq dies of disease with Algésiras after the fourth forwarding in Spain, his/her son Abû Ya `qûb Yûsuf year-Nasr succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1286 : Abû Ya `qûb Yûsuf year-Nasr combat the revolts which had occurred in the Draa and the province of Marrakech.
• 1288 : Abû Ya `qûb Yûsuf year-Nasr receives with Fès an embassy of king de Grenade, to which it returns the town of Cadiz which was remained between the hands of Mérinides.
• 1291 : Construction of the large mosque of Taza, first building mérinide preserved.
• 1296 : Construction of the mosque Sidi Boumediene, or Sidi Belhasan with Tlemcen.
• 1299 : Beginning of the seat of Tlemcen by Mérinides (nine years).
• 1307 : Abû Ya `qûb Yûsuf year-Nas is assassinated by a Eunuque for an obscure business of harem, his/her son Abû Thâbit `Âmir succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1308 : Abû Thâbit `Âmir dies of disease with Tétouan, a city which it had just founded: a one year reign very short. His/her brother, Abû Al-Rabî `Sulaymân succeeded to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1309 : Abû Al-Rabî `Sulaymân enters to Ceuta.
• 1310 : Abû Al-Rabî `Sulaymân dies carried by the disease after having repressed a revolt of the big bosses of the army with Taza, among which Gonzalve, chief of the Christian militia Her brother Abû His `îd `Uthmân succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1323 : Construction of the madrasa 'Attarin with Fès.
• 1329 : Victoire against the Castilian with Algeciras, a main door in the Iberian peninsula.
• 1331 : Abû Its `îd `Uthmân dies, his/her son Abû Al-Hassan Ben `Uthmân succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1337 : First occupation of Tlemcen.
• 1340 : Demolished mérinides with the battle of Rio Salado close to Tariffed (Andalusia).
• 1344 : The Castillans take again Algésiras.
• 1347 : Abû Al-Hassan Ben `Uthmân destroys the kingdom Hafsides of Tunis and restores its authority on all the the Maghreb but this success is of short duration.
• 1348 : Abû Al-Hassan Ben `Uthmân dies, his/her son Abû `Inân Fâris succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1348 : The black Plague and the rebellions of Tlemcen and Tunis mark the beginning of the decline of Mérinides which will not manage to drive back the Portuguese and the Spaniards, thus allowing them, by the means also of their continuators the Wattassides settling on the coast.
• 1350 : Construction of the Medersa Bou Inania de Meknès
• 1351 : Second occupation of Tlemcen.
• 1357 : Failure of the sultan Abû `Inân Fâris in front of Tlemcen.
• 1357 : Construction of the Medersa Bou Inania de Fès
• 1358 : Abû `Inân Fâris is assassinated by its Vizier whereas it was failing. The dynasty mérinide enters during a first time of confusion. Each vizier tries to put on the throne his applicant by choosing the weakest individual preferably.
• 1358 : Abû Ziân sits `id Muhammad Ben Fâris is named with the throne mérinide by the viziers, just after the assassination of Abû `Inân Fâris. Its reign was very short, a few months only.
• 1358 : Abû Yahyâ abû Bakr Ben Fâris is the second to be reached the throne mérinide, he also reigns only a few months.
• 1359 : Abû Sâlim Ibrâhîm is indicated sultan mérinide by the viziers. Supported by the king de Castille Pierre Cruel the, it is one of wire of Abû Al-Hassan Ben `Uthmân.
• 1359 : Resurgence of the Zianides of Tlemcen.
• 1361 : The sultan Abû Sâlim Ibrâhîm is relieved by Abû Omar Tachfîn. This last is supported by the Christian militia and is named successor of Abû Sâlim Ibrâhîm, by the viziers. It reigns only a few months.
• 1361 : Muhammad Ben Ya `qûb takes the title of sultan mérinide in 1362 after the period known as of the “reign of the viziers”. He is a grandson of Abû Al-Hassan Ben `taken refuge Uthmân with the course Castille.
• 1366 : Muhammad Ben Ya `qûb is assassinated by its vizier, this last replaces the sultan by Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Azîz like sultan mérinide, one of the wire Abû Al-Hassan which until there, had been held locked up in the palate of Fès.
• 1370 : Catch of Tlemcen.
• 1372 : Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Azîz dies of disease by leaving the throne to very an young child Muhammad sit `îd. Then begin a new period marked by the instability of the dynasty mérinide. The viziers on several occasions try to impose a sovereign marionette. In same time the empire is divided between two capitals Marrakech and Fès.
• 1373 : Muhammad sits `îd which is presented like heir to its father Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Azîz to old 5 years, does not reign since he dies the same year.
• 1374 : Abû Al `Abbâs, supported by the princes Nasrides of Grenade takes the succession of Muhammad sit `îd.
• 1374 : Partition of the kingdom mérinide in kingdom of Fès and kingdom of Marrakech.
• 1384 : Abû Al `Abbâs is relieved temporarily by princes Nasrides de Grenade after 10 years of reign. Princes Nasrides de Grenade place on the throne Mûsâ Ben Fâris, an unable disabled person, wire of Abû `Inân Fâris which ensures a kind of interim during the reign of Abû Al `Abbâs of 1384 1386.
• 1384 : Abû Zayd `rear-Rahman Abd reign on Marrakech of 1384 to 1387 while the throne mérinide was based with Fès.
• 1386 : Al-Wathiq ensures the second part of the interim in the reign of Abû Al `Abbâs of 1386 1387.
• 1387 : Abû Al `Abbâs takes again the capacity with the viziers. Morocco knows six years of peace again although Abû Al `Abbâs benefitted from this period to reconquer Tlemcen and Algiers.
• 1393 : Abû Al `Abbâs dies. Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Azîz Ben Ahmad is designated as sultan mérinide. The disorders which follow the sudden death of Abû Al `Abbâs to Taza allow to the Christian sovereigns to carry the war to the Morocco.
• 1396 : Abû Al `Abbâs dies, his/her brother Abû `Âmir `Abd Allah succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1398 : Abû `Âmir `Abd Allah dies, his/her brother Abû His `id `Uthmân Ben Ahmad succeeds to him like sultan mérinide.
• 1399 : Benefitting from the anarchy of the Mérinide kingdom, the king Henri III of Castille unloads in Africa, seizes Tétouan, massacre half of the population and reduces other half in slavery.
• 1415 : The king Jean Ier of Portugal seizes Ceuta. This conquest marks the beginning of the expansion overseas Europeans.
• 1420 : Abû Its `id `Uthmân Ben Ahmad dies, his son Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq succeeds to him like sultan mérinide the age of 1 year.
• 1437 : Failure of a Portuguese forwarding against Tangier. Part of the task force is made prisoner and the Infant Ferdinand is kept as an hostage. A treaty intervenes where the Portuguese obtain the right to re-embark themselves in the condition of returning Ceuta. They leave like hostage infant it Ferdinand, to guarantee the execution of this pact. Pushed by the pope, Edouard I {{er}} preferred to sacrifice his/her brother rather than his place of trade. Ferdinand dies in Fès on June 5th, 1443.
• 1458 : The king of Portugal Alphonse V had prepared an army for the departure in crusade against the Othoman with the call of the pope. He finally prefers to turn over his forces against a small port located between Tangier and Ceuta. He managed to take the place.
• 1459 : Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq is turned over against its regent and his family. It makes them massacre; only two brothers survive, of which that which in 1472 will become the first sultan Wattassides.
• 1462 : Ferdinand IV of Castille takes again Gibraltar.
• 1465 : Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq is cut the throat of with Fès during a popular revolt. The Portuguese king Alphonse V finally manages to take Tangier in 1471 while benefitting from the disorders of Fès. This anarchy lasts only a time. One of the survivors of the massacre of 1459, Abû `Abd Allah ach-Chaykh Muhammad Ben Yahyâ takes again Fès and installs there the sultans Wattassides in 1472.

Source

• Charles-Andre Julien, History of, origin North Africa with 1830 , original edition 1931, Payot republication, Paris, 1994

See too

• Art mérinide and hafside
• Wattassides