Muḩammad “Alī or Méhémet Ali pasha (1769 - August 2nd 1849), was the viceroy of Egypt, Albanian extraction. He is sometimes regarded as the founder of modern Egypt.

Méhémet Ali, was named governor (Wali) of the Othoman Egypt in 1805. It went famous to have massacred the chiefs Mamelouks by treachery. It introduced vast reforms in Egypt: it set up a Armée with Conscription containing Paysan S Egyptians, which it used then to push back the borders of Egypt. It engaged of important work of infrastructure, such as roads and channels. It made country one of the principal world producers of Coton. It was also announced by social reforms, and the creation of modern school S.

It remained officially during its reign a Vassal of the Othoman Sultan, but actually did not hesitate to follow an independent policy. It assisted from the sultan in the War from Greek independence, and repressed for the account of this one a revolt of the Wahhabite S in Arabia. But it was scrambled with the sultan and entered in war against him in 1831. Under the direction of his/her son Ibrahīm Pasha, the armies of Méhémet Ali seized the Palestine and the Syria, and approached until a few days walk Constantinople. A Russian intervention led to a solution negotiated in 1833, leaving the control of the Syria and the Palestine in Egypt.

In 1839, the sultan Mahmud II took again the war, but undergoes a decisive defeat with the hands of Ibrahim with Konya. He died shortly after and the Egyptian armies approached Constantinople once again dangerously. One needed a European intervention to push back them. In 1841, Méhémet Ali and Ibrahim had to yield the control of Syria.

Méhémet Ali was deposited in July 1848 under pretext of mental incapacity. He abdicates on September 1st, and dies in August 1849. Two of its sons, Ibrahim and Abbas, succeeded but appeared poor leaders to him: their errors brought the European domination on Egypt…