Mâlvâ

The Mâlvâ or Mâlwâ is an area of the central India, located in the Western part of the state of the Madhya Pradesh and the south-east of the state of the the Rajasthan, known in old India under the name of Mâlavâ . It is limited to the North-West by the Ârâvalli and to the south by the hills of Mahadeo of the chain of the Vindhya. Mâlvâ is sprinkled by the Chambal and its affluents, Kalisindh and Parbati. Ujjain is the historical capital of the area and Indore is currently the most populated city.

The first identifiable inhabitants of Mâlvâ are probably the indigenous Bhil and Gond. The area offers also some traces related to the Civilization of the valley of Indus. At the seventh century BC, Ujjain emerges like first important center in the area of Mâlvâ during the second wave of urbanization of India, the first wave being that of the Civilization of the valley of Indus. Towards -600, a rampart of ground is built around Ujjain, locking up a town of important size. Ujjain is then the capital of the kingdom of Avantî, directed by the clan of Mâlavâ, which would have perhaps come to settle in the area after its defeat in front of Alexandre Large the. The conquest of Mâlvâ by the Maurya in the middle of fourth century BC puts an end to the kingdom Avantî and Ashoka occupies the station of governor - or viceroy - of Ujjain in his youth before going up on the throne.

Ujjain is an important shopping mall during the first centuries of our era. At the time of the bursting of the Empire Gupta, towards 500, Mâlvâ reappears like independent kingdom. During first half of the 5th century, the Râja Yashodharman Aulikara , which one knows relatively little things, fact alliance with the râja Bâlâtiya and demolishes the Shvetahûna Mihirakula which had invaded India of the North-West.

In the middle of the 10th century, Mâlvâ is controlled by the clan Rajput S of the Paramâra which establishes his capital with Dhâr â. One of them, the râja Bhoja which reigns of 1010 with 1060, is an excellent poet and playwright, known also for his treaties of architecture and philosophy. According to its government, Mâlvâ becomes one of the intellectual centers of India. Bhoja is also the founder of the town of Bhopal intended to make safe the oriental party of its kingdom. Its successors reign until worms 1200, date on which Mâlvâ, weakened by the internal struggles of the clans rajputs, is conquered by the Sultanat of Delhi.

The setting with bag of Delhi by Tamerlan in 1398 involves the explosion of the sultanate in a constellation of small states and, in 1401, Dilâvar Khân, governor of Mâlvâ to the profit of the sultanate of Delhi since 1392, declares sultan of Mâlvâ. It establishes its capital with Mândû, on the heights of the chain of the Vindhya, overhanging the valley of the Narmada. His/her son and successor Hoshang Shâh (1405 - 1435) embellish Mândû. Ghazni Khân, the son of Hoshang Shâh reigns only during one year and Mahmûd Khân (1436 - 1469), the founder of the dynasty Khaljî of Mâlvâ succeeds and will increase the territory to him by incorporating portions of the Goujerat, the Rajasthan and of Dekkan. The Moslem sultans invite of Rajputs to settle in the country. At the beginning of the 16th century, the sultan seeks the assistance of the sultans of Goujerat to control the growing agitation of Rajputs which, themselves, tries to approach the râja Rajput Sisodia of the Mewâr. Goujerat devastates Mândû in 1518 and 1531 and shortly after the sultanate of Mâlvâ collapses. The emperor moghol Akbar seizes Mâlvâ in 1562 and a province of its empire. Mândû is abandoned during the 17th century.

Benefitting from the weakening of the state moghol, after 1700, the Marathe S plunder Mâlvâ. Malhâr Râo Holkar (1693 - 1764) is named chief of the armies marathes in Mâlvâ in 1724, and, in 1733, the Peshwâ Bâjî Râo grants to him the control of the major part of the area, which was formally yielded by the moghols in 1738. Another general marathe, Ânand Râo Pawar, names râja of Dhâr in 1742, and the two brothers of Pawar become the râjas of Dewas Junior and Dewas Senior. The Holkar dynasty reigns on Mâlvâ since Indore and Maheshwar on Narmada until in 1818, year when Marathes are demolished by the British during the third war anglo-marathe. Holkars d' Indore then become the râjas of a princely state of the British Raj. At the time of the independence of India, in 1947, the state of Holkar, other princely states regional and the major part of Mâlvâ integrate the new state of the Madhya Bharat, which takes part itself in the formation of the Madhya Pradesh in 1956.

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