Lunar module
The lunar module or Lunar Excursion Modulates (LEM) or Lunar Module (LM) or alunissor , is a machine used to be posed on the Moon at the time of the missions Apollo 11 with 17 between 1969 and 1972 which transfers to unload men on the the Moon. It should be noted that the mission Apollo 13 was a failure and the LEM was used as " boat of sauvetage".
The injection translunaire or translunar injection (TLI) corresponding to the voyage translunaire is carried out with a vessel named Saturn IV B, composed of the last stage of the rocket Saturn V. Saturn IV B is composed of the Module of order (where the three astronauts are), of the module of service and a last part containing the LEM. The unit modulates of order + module of service is named the CSM (Command and service modulates).
Once launched towards the Moon, the module of order and the module of service separate from the part containing the LEM. The operation of transposition can then start.
The operation of transposition consists in separating the module from order and the module of service of the unit, to make an operation of reversal to go “to capture” the LEM and to establish the junction with the module of order and service. When the LEM is captured by the CSM, the unit continues its race to be put into lunar orbit.
At the time of the phase of separation to be posed, the LEM separates from the CSM and is posed on the Moon. Two Astronaute S can take seat inside the LEM (in position upright, not of seats to save the weight).
At the time of the phase of increase, part of the LEM (low part) remains on the Moon and is used as platform of launching and the other part leaves the Moon with the two astronauts on board. An appointment is then carried out between the CSM (controlled by the third team member, the only one of the mission not to go on the Moon) and the LEM in lunar Orbite. The LEM is ejected shortly after. Then remain the module of order and service to make the return towards the Earth. With the approach of the terrestrial orbit, the module of service is ejected and only the module of order (protected by the Heatshield) carries out the re-entry in the atmosphere and lands on sea using three large Parachute S making it possible to slow down the fall.
LEM was built by the firm Grumman (amalgamated today with Northrop) in its factory of Bethpage with Long Island (state of New York). The landing gear of the lunar module was built by Héroux-Devtek Inc. in its factory of Longueuil to the Quebec.
Six specimens of LEM landed, with, each time, two different astronauts on board, allowing, thus with 12 men to press the lunar ground. There was no failure (except Apollo 13 whose astronauts did not pose the foot on the Moon, but could return healthy and safe on Earth).
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