Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Youth

It was born the October 27th 1945 in the village from Caetés in the State de Pernambouc. It belongs to a family of 7 children. Fleeing the misery of his native area campaign of the Nordeste, his/her father leaves to engage like Docker in the large port Santos to 40 km of São Paulo.

Whereas it was seven years old, his/her mother who raised only the 7 children, decides to join her husband. Arrived in the big city, they realize that it had founded another hearth, and she only finds herself to try to survive. All the children are put at contribution, and small Lula leaves the school at 10 years for odd jobs in the street (shoeshiner of shoes, salesman of Cacahuète S).

At 14 years, he becomes turner in an automobile factory of São Bernardo C Campo, then Ouvrier metallurgist.

The trade-union career

In the Years 1960, the Brésil knows an economic boom, but which does not benefit the Working class. Lula syndicalise and is radicalized, its natural talents of Tribun and Négociateur are remarkable, and in 1975, he becomes president of the Syndicat of the metallurgy, and becomes a figure of the Syndicalisme Brésil IEN, with its thick black beard and its hair always in battle. Its standpoint is worth then some briefs to him stays in prison.

The political career

In 1980, it decides to pass from the Syndicalisme to the Politique and founds the Partido back Trabalhadores (Left the workers), of inspiration trotskist, at one time when the general João Figueiredo slowly prepared the country with the return of the Démocratie.

In 1982, it is first once candidate at the post of governor of the State of São Paulo, then it starts to constitute its own networks of influence while making elect or name militants of its party in the town halls, at the Parliament and in the spheres of the businesses of the State.

In 1985, immense popular demonstrations oblige the general João Figueiredo to return the capacity, and a civilian, Tancredo Neves are elected president of the Republic, but die 4 months after its election. The vice-president Jose Sarney replaces it with the presidency and it imposes a program of austerity economic and introduced a new currency to try to contain a which gallops inflation which will be assembled to 1000% in 1989.

In 1986, it is elected appointed and returns to the Congress.

October 5th 1988, a more democratic news Constitution is promulgated to replace that of 1969. It establishes a Presidential regime and the Vote for all with obligatory vote. It sets up a Sénat (81 senators elected for eight years), and a House of Commons (503 deputies elected for four years).

In December 1989, have been held the first democratic elections for thirty years. Lula is presented for the first time to the presidency of the republic. On this occasion, it decides to change its image to have more chance of success: it cuts its beard and is made remake the teeth. However, it loses vis-a-vis Fernando Collor of Mello who becomes the first president of the Brazilian Republic really elected by the people.

In 1992, is held an impeachment of the president Fernando Collor of Mello, accused of corruption financial. The vice-president Itamar Franco assumes the presidency of the Republic.

In 1994, the Brésil implements a new plan of economic austerity to mitigate the consequences of the world recession. Lula presents second once to the presidency. Fernando Henrique Cardoso is elected president of the Republic with 54,3% of the votes cast, against 27% with Lula.

Between 1995 and in 1996, violent one confrontations burst between the landowners and the without-ground. The president Fernando Henrique Cardoso makes redistribute 1.000 km ² grounds of rich person fields deprived to give them to more than 3600 poor families, and authorizes the ground resumption allotted to the Indians.

In 1998, Lula presents third once to the presidency, but it is beaten as of the first turn, because of the popularity of the outgoing government, the good economy of the Brésil and can be of its political discourse, felt like too radical.

Presidency of the republic

The October 27th, 2002, Lula is elected president with the presidential election of 2002. First president of left of the Brazil, cantor of the tested participative democracy with Porto Alegre, it does not call in question the strict budgetary policy of the previous years, implemented by Henrique Cardoso and accepts the code of conduct of the the IMF.

At the time of its taking of, the 1 {{er}} January 2003, Lula declared in its inaugural speech: “ the change, here is our watchword (...) the spirit overcame the fear, our company decided that it was time to borrow a new way ”. But, it knew that it was going to be confronted with the difficulty in implementing its ambitions, and with the hopes which it raised near those which supported it vis-a-vis hard Brazilian reality, and hope of him employment, schools, a generalized social coverage, the improvement of the public service of education and health, whereas the country is overpowered by a national and external debt paralyzing.

Profiting from a broad popularity, Lula initially acted to continue the policy required by the IMF, very as a militant with the Argentine, for its easing. It chose as Minister for the economy, Antonio Palocci, former militant trotskist who knew to convert with the economy of the market, to reinforce the credibility of the Brésil and to attract the overseas investments which had dropped by 22 billion US$ by fear of Lula.

However, in the rows of the Partido back Trabalhadores , as much as in the populations of the Favela S, the Nordeste and in the factories, impatience thunders, mistrust accumulate and the first social movements are done day, carried out by MTST and MST. Many considered fine 2003 that Lula was to start to assume its electoral promises.

End 2003, the objectives laid down by the IMF having been reached and even exceeded, Lula announces that the rigor passed, and that 2004 will be a better year for all the Brazilian ones (in particular creation of minimum wages for all in 2005 announces).

The economic revival which is confirmed in Brazil at the end of the first six-month period 2004, with the increase in the industrial production, the fall of unemployment and the growth forecast of 3,5% per 2004, the popularity of Lula and its government increases. (58,1% of favorable opinion for Lula).

At the summer 2005, the credibility of the president is put at evil within the framework of the Scandale of the monthly payments which touches the whole of the direction of Pt, is pushed with the resignation, while Lula replaces its Minister for Finance Antonio Palocci during 2006, inter alia because of a possible implication in the scandal (not proven until now) but also perhaps like signs towards the Brazilian left.

Moreover, Brazil is affected by the Foot-and-mouth disease bovine, leading to prohibition in several countries of the Brazilian meat importation.

This year (2006) will proceed the Brazilian presidential election. Lula postulates for a second consecutive mandate, it leaves favorite in the voting intentions vis-a-vis Geraldo Alckmin, the candidate of union of the Brazilian social democrat Party (PSDB), with 50% of voting intentions against 29%. According to the surveys the action of president da Silva is appreciated for her combat against the hunger and poverty but did not shine in its fight against violence and corruption.

Geraldo Alckmin lodged on September 19th a recourse with the electoral higher Court aiming at stating Lula ineligible “to have profited from acts of abuse the capacity” in a new business at the time which two members of Pt were stopped in September 2006 in possession of the equivalent of 630.000 euros intended to pay faked photographs and a video blaming Geraldo Alckmin.

In this business the Minister for justice is also directly implied, Márcio Thomaz Bastos.

October 29th, 2006, Lula is re-elected for a second mandate and promised: " Under our government, the poor will be treated like human beings. " In summer 2007, the Brazilian president has to start to hold word by announcing, as of this year, 2,6 billion euros to improve the living conditions in the shantytowns. Collect waste water, connection with drinking water, to électricté, tarring of the principal access roads, the priority was given to the great urban centres, where the problems of housing and violence are crucial. More than 12 million Brazilian live today in favellas, in periphery of the cities, and only 53% of the Brazilian residences are connected to the sewers.

Of catholic confession, Da Silva expressed her party taken in favor of the abortion. The pope Benoît XVI declared on this subject that such political representatives had excommunicated themselves of the Church.

See too

List of the presidents of Brazil
Presidency of Luís Inácio da Silva
List of the current leaders

External bonds

Official site of the Presidency of the Republic
“a future which is already there” (Conversation in 1982 with Felix Guattari)
Discours of Lula, General meeting of UNO, 9/19/2006
Entretien about the Lula government with Leonardo BOF (published in the review in line RISAL , September 21st, 2006)

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Simple: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Zh-min-nan: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

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