Ludovic Goguillot

Ludovic Goguillot (born in 1859, died in 1890) is a professor of the National Institution of Deaf-mute of Paris (today National institute of the young deaf persons). It wrote in particular a handbook of reference in Orthophonie published in 1889: How one makes speak deaf-mute the .

Context

The three decades which followed the Congress of Milan, in 1880, can be regarded as the golden age of the pure oral method (or Oralisme) as regards education of the deaf persons. Prototypic of this period, appeared, in 1889 at Masson, a true best-seller: How one makes speak the deaf-mute ones. Its author, Ludovic Goguillot, professor at the national Institution of deaf-mute in Paris, had answered the absence of recent reference books, in French language, for the instruction of deaf-mute by the oral method. In station since less than ten years at the Institution, it had been appointed rapporteur of the new program of first year, centered on the teaching of the mechanism of the word. It is this responsibility which enabled him to gather the elements necessary to the drafting of its handbook.

The author

Goguillot was not a neophyte as regards education oralist - and of writing. Since 1883 - it is hardly 24 years old - it had published preparatory period with the teaching of the Lecture and joints on the lips in the instruction of deaf-mute by the pure oral method . Two years later, its made conference on March 23rd, 1885 at the French company of the shorthand writers, Classification of the phonetic elements of the French language, is accepted by the international Revue of the teaching of the dumb deaf persons .

The same year, another conference made in Limoges, at the time of creation, in this city, of a municipal externat for the instruction of deaf-mute by the word, on October 2nd, 1885, is also diffused under the title: Teaching of the word to deaf-mute the . In 1887, the international Review of the teaching of the dumb deaf persons proposes another article, written by its care: State of teeth at the deaf-mute late ones. The following year, H. Camailhac, director of the externat of Limoges, will entrust to him the foreword entitled Of the syllables and the syllabification of its Spelling-book to the use of the schools the deaf-mute ones. August 2nd of the same year, Ludovic Goguillot was charged to make the speech with the solemn distribution of the prices of the national Institution of deaf-mute of Paris. Heading the dumb Revolution and deaf persons, it will be published in the same editor. The same year as that of the exit of its handbook, it took part, with Dr. Couëtoux of Nantes and Mr. Thomas, lawyer at the Court of Appeal of Nantes to a collective work, Of deafness in the child and the adult, from the point of view medical, teaching, legal and guardian .

Ludovic Goguillot died prematurely the following year, at the age of thirty and one years, following a typhoid fever.

The work

Prefaced by Dr. Jules François Rene Ladreit of the Cart-track, chief consultant of the national Institution of deaf-mute and his otologic private clinic, his last work is announced in several specialized magazines or scientists, in particular by a long presentation in Nature, review of sciences and their applications to arts and industry, with the title éponyme. The oralism, at that time, is perceived as a scientific progress (the gestures “are exceeded” by the history since a technique of training completed makes it possible to occur some), a progress for integration in the company (interest of the word and its comprehension) and a progress for the equality (to allow a category of anybody to compensate, thanks to the advances in knowledge, a handicap of birth). The fact that this criticism appears in a weekly magazine devoted to sciences, arts and industry underlines even more “technical notoriety” of the oral method.

After a plea in favor of the oralism, a historical background and an inventory of fixtures of the teaching of deaf-mute in France and abroad, Ludovic Goguillot proposes some theoretical recalls concerning knowledge of its time as regards physiology of the voice. The second part of its work relates to what it calls the preparatory period: examination of the physical status and intellectual, education of the voice, the touch and the vocal apparatus. The third part is entirely devoted to the voice: provocation, correction of the defects, use and education of the auditive direction. The following part relates to the elements of the word and the means of teaching them with the deaf-mute one: after a recall of phonetics, are directly approached the training of the oral vowels then nasal (aspect of the face, means of teaching them, the defects most current and proceeded to employ to correct them), then consonants: an order of training is also proposed. The fifth part relates to the syllabification, which must take account of the deformation of the sounds in their couplings and the difficulties coming from the orthography. The last part, entitled connections of the words and the proposals, approaches syntax, the problems connection/elision, punctuation/breathing and those of the stressing. Goguillot finally explains, in the appendix of its handbook, why its program concerns also, independently of their age, the people reached of serious defects of hearing, more or less marked defects of the word and the stammerers. He recommends finally the training of speech reading, like field of intervention and competence.

Resources

How one makes speak deaf-mute the , Nature, review of sciences and their applications to arts and industry, 1889,17,1, p. 394 - 396.

Yves Bernard, Some features of the curative pedagogy of the deaf child: an approach of the problems of Antiquity at the beginning of the XXe century ,

Didier Séguillon, Of the sign language to the training of the word or the failure of a reform, STAPS , 2002,58, p. 21-34

Random links: