Louis-Adolphe Robin-Morhéry

Adolphe Louis Marie Napoleon Robin-Morhéry , born with Loudéac on June 1st, 1805, deceased with Paris on December 21st, 1864. Doctor, Chansonnier, Humanistic and Politician French.

Republican conspirator under Charles X. Chief of the Movement of the Schools during the Glorious Three, he was thereafter police chief of the provisional government in the Coast-of-North and the Finistere (1848) then appointed Dimension-of-North with Constituent (1848).

Like that of all the Republican party, its role during the Three Glorious ones, was strongly occulted after the elimination of the republican threat by the Orléanistes. In 1997, the historian Jane Gilmore, in its work " The clandestine Republic 1818-1848" the role rehabilitated of Morhéry and republican students in the preparation, the release and the exit of the conflict, describing Morhéry like the “one of the men headlights of the revolution of 1830, showed a true political scale, front, during and after the events”.

Biography

Youth

Born with Loudéac on June 1st, 1805, Morhéry was pupil with the college of Pontivy, with his/her cousin Ange Guépin. It is under the impulse of the father of this one, the liberal Victor Guépin, that the two young teenagers will be initiated very early with the policy. Thus, since 1822, they enter the Charbonnerie. In 1824, the two cousins leave Brittany to study medicine in Paris.

Morhéry was the disciple of François Broussais, with the old people's home of improvement where it had opened private lessons. Morhéry had adopted the ideas of Broussais as well in medicine as in policy. It was predisposed there by its ascent. His/her grandfather, Louis-François-Anne Robin de Morhéry had adopted the ideas of the Revolution and was appointed in 1789, signatory of the Serment of Jeu de Paume) then made a legal career under the Revolution and the Empire. His/her father, benches commercial of fabric with Loudéac had adopted the ideas of that of which he was the son. Victim of the continental blockade and the competition which since nearly one century fabric-Brittany underwent, it was in bankruptcy since 1814. Very honest man, it had satisfied all his creditors, also was it reduces to a modest ease and had to be solved with heavy sacrifices to assure the instruction of his children.

The combatant of July

In Paris, the studies of Morhéry highly were slowed down then suspended by its republican clandestine activity. It bound friendship with other student conspirators and was very quickly with the head of all the students engaged in a revolutionary action and favorable to the establishment of the sovereignty of the people. Morhéry was member of the company jacobine Aide you, the sky will help you, and was indicated by its Staff, with Marrast to take the head of the funeral of the deputy Jacques-Antoine Manuel on August 24th, 1827. The convoy, follow-up of more than 100.000 people represents the first public demonstration against the policy of Charles X. During three consecutive years, it will be named police chief of the Breton Banquet where it pronounced rather energetic toasts.

Morhéry organized and ordered the Association of January or Conspiration Fayette, organization paramilitary of students and workmen centralized around the newspaper the Platform of the departments and whose Fayette was commander-in-chief it honorary.

During the Glorious Three, it took the head of the Movement of the Schools, which had a determining role in the release and the exit of the conflict. With the head of a group of students it pushed back by three times a military column which approached the Town hall. Having put all its hopes in Fayette, it made sharp authorities near the general so that it decided to proclaim the Republic. In vain, it is the duke of Orleans which was called, confirming the Napoleonean proverb which wants that in the revolutions, there are two kinds of people: those which do them and those which benefit from it.

August 1st, at the Hotel-of-City, Morhéry was named by Fayette and Odilon-Deck-beam, police chief of the provisional government in Brittany to organize there means of defense against a new chouannery.

August 3rd, Morhéry took the head of the protestion against the nomination of the duke of Orleans, as Lieutenant-general of the kingdom, then on August 5th, it takes the head of one protest to the House of Commons against the " Bérard" charter;. August 10th, it is decorated with the medal of July but refuses to lend oath to monarchy. Its provocative behavior did it required by the police force. It could leave in-extremis Paris on December 31st, 1830. It gained Strasbourg, where it obtained - not without difficulties - the authorization to pass its doctorate in medicine. Of return to Paris, in 1831, it once more missed being made stop and had its freedom only with the energetic resistance of some friends.

It leaves finally Paris and turns over to Loudéac where it looks after, the poor and workmen, with a satisfying without example. Its opinions, of which it did not hide did not disturb of anything popularity that it had acquired. Even its adversaries respected it. It was one of the chiefs of the opposition to Loudéac, member of the municipal council, of the literary Room, member of the welfare office of the city, and chair agricultural meeting of the canton. One regarded it as true a " friend of the peuple". He endeavoured to support the interests of the area while obtaining for example, a service of diligences between St-Brieuc and Lorient, and a service of boats on the Canal from Nantes to Brest. Leon Dubreuil writes of him (1961) that its " influence was such as it had made district of Loudéac the most advanced district of Coast-of-North with that of Lannion".

The component of 1848

It constituted a Breton network of companies of the Human rights (republican secret societies), with sections with Loudéac of course but also in all Brittany. Its republican clandestine activity supported the Révolution of 1848 in Brittany. This Revolution, saw Republic the proclaimed and good numbers of Parisian friends and comrades of barricades of Morhéry, to reach important loads in Paris.

Ledru-Rollin (Minister of Interior Department of the provisional government and former lieutenant de Morhéry in 1830) is at the origin of its nomination as a government commissioner in Coast-of-North on March 2nd, 1848, but the place being already taken by Honore Couard, Ledru-Rollin sends Morhéry, on March 7th, as government commissioner in Quimper. However, Jules Favre, general secretary of Ledru-Rollin had already named Tassel there, and thus at the conclusion of a conflict remained famous, Morhéry was sent like police chief-assistant in Brest. Finally, the Tassel on March 30th was revoked and Morhéry taken its place.

The elections by the vote for all announced, beard black and very simple clothing, Morhéry is addressed to the sailors, to the workmen, to the peasants and speaks about free instruction, freedom of the press, stamping from the black slaves, suppression of the Domaine congéable, the defense of the colonists against the lords of the manor, to make clear the Moor… April 23rd, 1848, he was elected with 62.270 votes (out of 144.377 voters) with the Constituent Assembly for Coast-of-North. He took seat with the extreme left democrat-Socialist and belonged to the committee of the Interior. He often spoke, in a sometimes energetic way, in particular at the time of the guarantee imposed on the press companies, or about the nomination of the magistrates. He voted constantly with the radical left: for the banishment of the family of Orleans; against the continuations against White Louis and Caussidière; for the graduated income; against the incompatibility of the functions (it had besides itself to resign of its functions of police chief of Finistere); for the amendment Grévy removing the presidency of the Republic; against the Rake proposal; against the forwarding of Rome… It highly fought the Napoleonean policy of the Elysium and signed, at the time of the crushing of the Roman republic by a French Army, the committal for trial of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. But the policy of reaction triumphing and his mandate over deputy not having been renewed in 1849, it turned over to Loudéac, but it did not cease therefore its political activity.

October 13rd, 1851, during a voyage to Rennes, it contacted the burning Socialists and revived the strong company of the “Workers” of approximately 40 members and whose office, with saying of the public prosecutor, was composed of the “burning men and most dangerous” of Brittany. It always continued its medical and agricultural activity being with the head of the agricultural meeting of Loudéac. It had developed a practical system of agricultural organization whom it published in 1859 and which, available in all the principal booksellers, been a certain success. Conscious of the importance of the elimination of illiteracy within the framework of the development of the labor movement, it had developed, in 1861, with a teacher of Lonlay-l' Abbey, a method of reading which accompanied the publication by its songs, which had made its notoriety at the time of the political banquets.

With less heat than in its youth it was always interested in the policy and published, in 1863, for prince Napoleon, a political booklet on Puebla and Warsaw (June 13rd, 1863) and the same year, published a political address dedicated to the voters of Paris and heading “the electoral triumph”.

The doctor

Precursor in medicine as in policy, it had been filled with enthusiasm for " The doctrines physiologique" of Broussais, which led to medicine new ways. Thus, Morhéry had supported its thesis of medicine on passions and their influences on the organization at one time when medicine had fallen into the deepest materialism. It was there a protest against this current of organic medicine and mineral pharmacology. It had also been interested in the Spiritisme of Allan Kardec, going until considered - with a very scientific reserve nevertheless - a particular medicine related to the spiritism, on which it had made some experiments by accommodating at his place Désirée Godu, a young healer of Hennebont. It had also strongly been interested in the treatment of the diseases of the women, future gynecology. In hillock with the clerical annoyances and reactionaries, and following a seizure and with the auction of part of its goods (of which the field of Plessis-Boudet, in Loudéac, where he lived) he had settled in Paris about 1860. It invented there a utéro-vaginal fixer against the prolapses (prolapsus).

He had married with Quillio (in Quillio), a relationship: Marie-Francoise Ollitrault de Keryvallan (aunt de Dom Jean-Baptiste Ollitrault de Keryvallan), of which it had seven children for which the particle Robin de Morhéry will be restored in 1891.

Sources

Gilmore, Jane. " The clandestine Republic 1818-1848". Sapwood, 1997
Dubreuil, Leon. " Morhéry-Tassel" conflict;. Books of Iroise, 1961, n°31, p 169-177
Pigeon, Amédée. " A friend of the peuple". Armand Colin, 1896
Morhéry, Adolphe. " Response to the insults and the calomnies". Auffray, 1832

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