Lorraine Iron ore
The Lorraine Iron ore is made of Oolithe S of Limonite bound by cement, generally carbonated; the remains and prints of marine fossils are very frequent.
This Minerai is usually called iron ore , diminutive of the word mine, because of its low content of Fer (from 28 to 34%) and of the high content of Phosphore (0,5 to 1%), in the form of Phosphate of Calcium (Apatite). It is because of the presence of the Phosphore that the Lorraine iron ore has can be truly exploited only in the middle of the XIX century, after the development of the basic Bessemer converter, allowing an effective dephosphorization.
The Lorraine Gisement was then classified among vastest of the world and its reserves were estimated at six billion tons of Minerai, likely to contain 1950 million tons of Fer. In 1913, the production of the Lorraine basin iron-bearing exceeds the 41 million tons, including 21 for the the Moselle and 20 for the Meurthe-et-Moselle. The Lorraine is the second producing area in the world, behind the the United States.
After one duration of exploitation of approximately a century and half, the mass of Minerai torn off with the Lorraine basement would be of three billion tons. However, the too low content of Fer of this Minerai encouraged the steelmakers to replace it little by little by Minerai S of overseas richer (average contents of about 60%).
The mine S of Fer of Lorraine little by little ceased being exploited. To have closed last, in 1997, is that of the Red Grounds with Audun-le-Tiche (the Moselle).
Bibliography:
- the Lorraine Basement , Retrospective 1950-2006, Andre Lauff, Coll.Mineurs with the daily newspaper, Fensch-Valley Editions, 2007
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