Lope de Aguirre
See also: Aguirre
Lope de Aguirre was a Spanish Conquistador born close to Oñate in the Années 1510 and dead the October 27th 1561 with Barquisimeto, now located at the Venezuela. Called El Loco , Insane the in French, it was made famous for its cruelty and its rebellion against the authority of King Philippe II of Spain.
Youth
Second child of a family hidalga, Lope de Aguirre is born towards 1510 - 1515 close to Oñate located in the province to Guipuscoa at the Spanish Basque Country. He is resulting from a favoured but nonfortunate social environment, probably of a family of notary, as Doctor Juan Carlos Guerra suggests it. The heritage of the family being intended for elder, Aguirre has only few options: to enter the Orders or to seek fortune in more a big city of Spain or in America taking part in 1538 in the Battle of Mow Salinas which opposes pizarrists and almagrists, then with the Expédition of Diego de Rojas and with the Bataille of Chupas. Refusing the New Laws and resting on the Real Audiencia, Gonzalo Pizarro and Francisco de Carvajal organize an army, deposit the viceroy and imprison it. Under the control of Melchor Verdugo, Lope de Aguirre takes part in an attempt at release of the viceroy. The operation fails and they flee with Cajamarca where they recruit men to fight against Pizarro. However the viceroy managed to escape by sea thanks to the assistance of the oidor (judge) Álvarez and gains Tumbes where it takes the head of a small army placed under the royal standard. The civil war lasts two years and is completed with the defeat of Gonzalo Pizarro the January 18th 1546. Melchor Verdugo and Lope de Aguirre are then with the Nicaragua where they fled with 33 men. During the tour, Verdugo granted the rank of sergeant to Aguirre.
In 1551, Lope de Aguirre turns over to Potosí (then located at Peru) and is stopped by the judge Francisco de Esquivel for violation of the laws on the protection of the Indians. The judge condemns Aguirre to be whipped in public in spite of the protests of this asserting last that the punishment would be unworthy of a gentleman resulting from noble ascent. Wounded in its honor, Aguirre will only think of appeasing its revenge. Informed by friends of the drawings of Aguirre, Esquivel moves away from him, hiding and changing place of dwelling constantly. During three years and four months, Aguirre tracks the magistrate with foot, the prosecutor with Quito and Cuzco. Francisco Vázquez, which took part in forwarding, will write: " It will remain of him the same memory as of infamous Judas, so that it is cursed and honnît it like the most perverse being which was born in the monde".
Aguirre in the popular culture
Aguirre interested of many artists as the writer Venezuelan Arturo Pietri who published in 1947 El camino of El Dorado , translated in French in 1997 under the title the way of Eldorado . A novel of Ramón J. Sender, entitled ventured It equinocial of Lope de Aguirre (1968), was also inspired by its biography.
Two films inspired of the life of the conquistador were carried out. The first by Werner Herzog in 1972: Aguirre, the anger of God with Klaus Kinski in the main role; the second by Carlos Will know in 1988 and carrying the title El Dorado, with Omero Antonutti in the role of Lope de Aguirre and Lambert Wilson in that of Pedro de Ursúa.
In 1991 is published in France the cartoon Aguirre of Argentinian the Enrique Breccia it proper son of Alberto Breccia -, at Prod. Sun