Lollards

The Lollards are the members or sympathizers of a protest movement nun and social appeared in England in XIVe century.

" Of which right those which are called lords, do dominate over us? With which title they did deserve this position? Why do they treat us like serfs? Since we go down from the same parents, Adam and Eve, how can they prove that they are better than us, if it is only by exploiting our labors, they can satisfy their proud luxury? "
John Ball.

Origin of the word

Lollards comes from the German means lollaert , of which the root lullen means marmonner, chantonner to low voice

The name of Lollards was initially allotted to certain groups of continental Europe (Dutch) suspect to hide beliefs heretics under a concern of intensifying the devotion, but after 1382, it was allotted by derision to the partisans of Wyclif to which it remained attached.

History

The first group of Lollards was formed in Oxford around Nicolas Hereford, Doctor of Divinity. The Lollard movement attracted in its rows of the academics, the craftsmen, the merchants and even some Lords like Lord Montacute and Lord Salisbury.

  • 1381 : Without taking part in it, they contribute by their preachings to a revolt of the peasants in Sussex and Kent. Noble and clerks are massacred. London is invaded. This revolt is hard repressed by Richard II.

  • 1382: Translated whole bible, for the first time, in the vernacular Language of England. Lollards want the practice of a simple and “evangelic” faith: any man must have the free access to the Writings in his own language.
  • 1395: Request of the Twelve Conclusions asking the Parliament the abolition Celibacy of the priests, the Transsubstantiation, the prayers for deaths, the offerings made with the images, the Confession and several practices considered as abuses of the Roman Catholic church.
  • 1399: Advent of Henri IV, vagueness of repression against the heresy. Thomas Arundel, the archbishop of Canterbury is the given adversary of Lollards.
  • 1401 : A decree Of haeretico comburendo condemns them to the Bûcher. The first martyr Lollard, William Sawtrey, priest with Saint Syth' S of London, was flaring on February 26th a few days after this event.
  • 1414: Lollard rising directed by Sir John Oldcastle (Lord Cobham). Was quickly crushed by Henri V.
  • 1417: Died of Sir John Oldcastle. Lollards are constrained with clandestinity. Their influence is maintained in the campaigns beyond the years 1500.

This movement announces certain ideas of the Réforme and lays out the opinion favorably to accommodate the separation of the Church of England of with Rome, decided by Henri VIII in 1534.

In the literature

  • the revolt of 1381 is put in scene by Shakespeare in Richard II

See too

Related articles

External documentation

Bibliography :

external Bonds :

  • virtual Museum of French Protestantism
  • '' New Advent '' Encyclopédie catholic, article devoted to in Lollards

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