Llave de rotura

This page relates to the year 1935 Gregorian Calendrier.

Facts and events

Africa

  • January 7th: Agreements of Rome. The France yields to the Italy territories in the south of the Libya and in Somalia and a participation in the railroad Djibouti - Addis-Abeba grants to him. N the other hand, Rome gives up the privileged statute of its nationals in Tunisia.

  • April 2nd: Air link Paris - Algiers.
  • October 3rd: Under pretext of a border incident to Ual-Ual close to the Somalia, the Italians of Pietro Badoglio invade the Ethiopia. Beginning of the italo-Ethiopian war (fine in 1936).
    • SDN condemns Italy and takes sanctions.
    • the Négus must be exiled and Ethiopia is joined together with the Erythrée and the Somalia (fine in 1941).
    • the War of Ethiopia is accompanied by an Italian propaganda campaign against the British interests in the Arab world.
    • Creation in London of the International African Friends off Abyssinia .
  • October 9th: Air line Algiers - Tananarive.

  • the France installs a secret base of tests of chemical weapons and biological in the Namous wadi, close to Beni Ounif (Algérie).

  • the colonies Portuguese are proclaimed by the Estado Novo of Salazar like “integral part of Portugal”.
  • Strike in the copper mines in Rhodesia of North and with the Katanga (1935 - 1937).
  • Series of strikes to Dakar (1935-1937).
  • Creation of the Plain Church of the African, known Natives under the name of Eleja (fishmongers).

Americas

Latin America

  • Argentinian General strike in with the end of the year. Repression causes the death of six workmen.

  • Riots and strikes with Holy Kitts (the Antilles).
  • the grounds are redistributed with the Mexico. Laws on social protection and education.
  • Brazil: Growth of production capacity, in particular in the field of steel, the cement factory and the paper mill.

Canada

the United States

  • January 4th: New “hundred days” in the United States: Roosevelt is on the point of modifying its policy. In a message with the Congress, it assigns with the government like top priority the material safety of all the citizens. It known as favorable to a systematic devolution of the holdings of public services ( Public Utilities Holding Company Act in February).

  • March 19th: Riots with Harlem, where 10  000 Blacks destroy the goods of white tradesmen. Police repression makes two dead.
  • May 6th: Creation of the Works Progress Administration , charged to provide work to the unemployed.
  • May 11th: Rural Electrification Administration .
  • the May 27th, N.I.R.A. is declared anticonstitutional by the Supreme court, which threatens the action of the government.
  • July 5th: Wagner Ploughing Relation Act on the labor relations. Roosevelt devotes its change of orientation and supports the trade unions. Trade union C.I.O. ( Committee for Industrial Organization ) constitutes itself under the direction of John L. Lewis. It organizes the workmen by industrial branches and either by professions.
  • August 14th: Social Security Act . Creation of a system of insurance unemployment and old-age insurance.
  • August 30th: Tax law which raises the tax rate of the highest incomes.
  • August 31st: First law of American neutrality. Prohibition of the sales of weapons to the belligerent countries.
  • September 8th: Long Huey is assassinated (death the September 10th).

  • the work of the first New Deal remains limited, because of the budgetary policy of prudence and the failure of the rise of the wages necessary to start again consumption. GNP is higher of 20 billion dollars than that of 1933 but lower by 30 billion than that 1929. The country counts 9 more million unemployed.

  • On 6,8 million farmers, 2,8 do not have their grounds into clean. The average revenue of a sharecropper is of 312 dollars per annum. The farm laborers gain on average 300 dollars per annum.
  • Economic agreement between the the United States and the Canada. Its implementation is very limited.

Oceania & the Pacific

  • Creation with Victoria of the Australian Arboriginal League (AAL).

Asia & Indian world

  • January 24th: British India Act . The Burma is separated from the India and is equipped with a self government.
  • March 2nd, Thailand: The king Prachadhipok abdicates in favor of his nephew, the prince Ananda Mahidol (fine in 1946).
  • May 30th: A Earthquake of magnitude 7.5 fact 60  000 victims with Quetta with the Pakistan.
  • July 6th: Tenzin Gyatso, fourteenth Dalai Lama.
  • August: Government off India Act . The Parlement of the United Kingdom adopts a constitutional project which will be only partially carried out: federation of the provinces and the princely states, part of the capacities transferred to responsible Indian ministers, finances and the defense remaining within the competence of the viceroy. The system of the dyarchie is removed in the provinces and from the responsible ministers before the assemblies receive the prerogatives of the provinces.

China

  • Occupation of the Hebei by the Japanese.

The Middle East

  • January 25th: Conference of the Oulema S (scientists) of the Palestine, under the presidency of the Hadj Amin Al-Husseini, with Al-Qods.
  • March 16th, Iraq: A coalition government is formed around Rashid Ali, Nuri Sa' id and Yasin Al-Hashimi. An opposition is formed around a reforming group, the Jama' At Al-Ahali which preaches social and economic reforms.
  • March 21st: The Perse takes the name of Iran.
  • August-October: The forces Iraq iennes subdue a Kurdish rebellion in August then are caught of it in October at the small community of the Yézidis (Moslem hétérodoxes). The government becomes increasingly authoritative and chokes the movements of opposition.
  • November: Revolt Arabs in Palestine started by the massive arrival of Juifs caused by the takeover of Hitler in Germany in 1933 (1936 - 1939).
  • November 20th: A religious leader, Aldine Izz Al-Qassam, favorable to the release of a revolt, is killed by the British with a dozen his companions and becomes a martyr of the Palestinian cause.
  • November 25th: The majority of the political organizations address itself to the power agent to claim the dead halt of Jewish immigration and the Arab transfers of grounds to the Jews, as well as the installation of a democratic government in Palestine. The British High-Commissioner proposes the training of a legislative council, rejected at once by the Zionists. The question is discussed with the Parlement of the United Kingdom during the winter 1936. Under the pressure of the Zionists, the government withdraws his project of council, accepts the continuation of immigration and invites a Palestinian delegation with London. The Arab political parties, divided, do not manage to constitute the delegation.
  • December: The Great Britain seeks to standardize the Egyptian political life, by the re-establishment of the constitution of 1923 and the concluding of a new treaty. Fouad Ier accepts this evolution.

  • Egypt: The Wafd becomes, under the direction of Nahhas pasha, a populist party not hesitating to resort to brutal actions. In 1935 it obtains a paramilitary militia, the “blue Shirts”.

  • Palestine: The Jewish immigration, limited to some thousands of individuals per annum until the beginning of the Years 1930, increases considerably starting from 1933 to reach more 60  000 individuals in 1935. The Germany Nazi supports the movement Zionist. “Agreements of transfer” are negotiated between the German authorities and the Organization Zionist, only Jewish institution authorized on the Germanic territory: the Jewish immigrants of Germany can leave for Palestine by carrying part of their assets converted into German goods. Palestine knows an massive arrival of men and capital, which supports a fast development of certain areas at one time when the world-wide crisis strikes the remainder of the Middle East. The capital which arrives to Palestine is used in their turn to finance the emigration of Jews of Central Europe.

Europe

  • January 22nd: Dictatorship of the king Boris III of Bulgaria.
  • March 25th: Government of national union formed by Paul Van Zeeland in Belgium.
  • April 11th: Conférence of Stressed - the Italy, the France and the Great Britain form a common front against the violation by Germany of the Traité of Versailles (re-establishment of the conscription) and threatens it of Anschluss in Austria.
  • April 27th: Opening of the subway of Moscow.
  • May 2nd: The president of the French Council Pierre Laval sign with the Soviet ambassador an agreement of mutual assistance.
  • May 12th: Mode of the colonels in Poland (fine in 1939). Died with Warsaw of Joszef Pilsudski, with the capacity since 1926. Edward Rydz-Smigly succeeds to him, maintaining an authoritarian regime.
  • May 16th: Mutual treaty of alliance enters the Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union.
  • June 18th: Signature of a naval agreement between the Germany and the the United Kingdom, recognizing in Germany a right to a limited naval rearmament (35% of the tonnage of the English fleet).
  • July:
    • Survey for Peace ( the Peace Bundle ), realized by SDN in the United Kingdom: 92% of the eleven million questioned people are declared favorable to a general disarmament, 93% wish the prohibition of the trade of the weapons, a quarter of enters are hostile with the recourse to military sanctions in the event of aggression of a country against another.
    • the 7th congress of the Komintern adopts the tactics of the “popular front”.
    • Romania: the agrarian national Party of the poet Octavian Goga, anti-semite and nationalist, is combined with the League of Christian National defense to constitute the Christian national Party.
  • August 29th: Astrid, queen of the Belgian , is killed in an car accident close to Lucerne (Suisse).
  • August 31st: Birth of the Stakhanovisme in Soviet Union with the “performance” of the workman Alexeï Stakhanov.
  • November 3rd: Monarchy is restored by plebiscite in Greece with the king Georges II of Greece. It restores the constitution of 1911.
  • December 18th: Edvard Beneš elected president of the Czechoslovakia (fine in 1938).
  • the party of the national unit (Gyula Gömbös) gains 170 seats out of 245 with legislative in Hungary.
  • Creation of the party of the German of Sudètes in Czechoslovakia. The party pronazi of Konrad Henlein obtains nearly a third of the votes of the German electorate.
  • Portugal: The assembly loses any initiative in financial matters. She makes it possible the government to legislate by Order in Council, in the event of urgency, then (in 1945) each time he considers it useful.
  • the second worker government carries out important reforms in Norway.

Germany

  • January 13rd: Referendum in the Territory of the Basin of the Saar: 90,8% the Of the Saar one are favorable to fastening in Germany - France makes it possible Germany to recover, as of on March 1st the Saar which was under supervision of the Société of the Nations since 1919.
  • January: publication of a book on the concentration camps Nazis: “ Under the schlague of the Nazis, Wolfgang Langhoff ”.
  • March 10th: Creation of the Luftwaffe (German air force).
  • March 16th: rearmament of Germany. The chancellor Adolf Hitler proclaims the sovereignty of Germany as regards defense in violation of the Traité of Versailles. Re-establishment of the obligatory military service, without no country protesting - Reichswehr becomes the Wehrmacht.
  • March 22nd: First regular programme of television in an European country.
  • June 18th: Launching of the Underwater first German since the First World War.
  • July 13rd: Dissolution and confiscation of the goods of Pilot associations of of Jéhovah.
  • August 17th: Dissolution of the orders freemasons in Germany.
  • September 15th:
    • Adoption of the flag with Swastika (or swatiska ) like national flag of the Germany.
    • Adoption of the discriminatory Laws of Nuremberg racialement against the Jews by depriving them of their political citizenship and their rights.
  • With the end of the year, the programme of rearmament in Germany compromised east because industry does not have reserves of capital only for one or two months.
  • Service of obligatory work: German youth must gather in camps to build roads, barracks, housing or to work in the fields.

France

See also: 1935 in France

Great Britain

  • June 17th: The first detection of a plane per radar, with 27  km by Bowen.
  • June: Beginning of the ministry of coalition of Stanley Baldwin, Prime Minister for the the United Kingdom (fine in 1937).
  • November: The conservatives keep the majority with the legislative elections with 387 seats. The members of the Labor Party of Clement Attlee progress (154 seats).
  • the economic crisis is partly completed. Increase in the welfare expenditures, which reach 165 million £, to stimulate the household consumption to low incomes. Fall of the religious practice: 17,7% of practitioners with York (35,5% in 1901).

Italy

  • January 4th: Franco-Italian bringing together.
  • February 7th: Pierre Laval visit Rome and signs with Mussolini agreements concerning the statute of the Italians of Tunisia, the colonial borders and the independence of the Austria.
  • February 13rd: Creation of chain TF1
  • April 14th: Pacte of Stressed between the France and Italy.
  • May 12th: Italy leaves the Société of the Nations.
  • October 3rd: The Italy undertakes a colonial war in Ethiopia. The the United Kingdom condemns this aggression and requires sanctions. In France, Laval seeks to spare and England and Italy and limit the economic sanctions. It dissatisfied two countries.
  • November 18th: The Société of the Nations adopts sanctions limited against Italy which invaded the Ethiopia. Rationings strike the Italians since 1935.

Arts & culture

See also: 1935 with the cinema, 1935 in music, 1935 in literature, 1935 with the theater, 1935 as a cartoon, 1935 on television

Sciences & technology

See also: 1935 in science

See also: 1935 in aeronautics

Sports & discovered

See also: 1935 in sport

  • May 25th: Jesse Owens, American, beats three world records in less than one hour: long jump, races 220 yards and 220 yards hedges.
  • June 13rd: James J. Braddock becomes the new world champion of the Heavy trucks by beating max Baer at the points in 15 rounds with Long Island.

  • nonwell informed Dates or inconnues' :

    • the Swiss professor Auguste Piccard beats a new record of altitude (22  500 m)

Births in 1935

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

  • February 1st: Woody Allen, actor, scenario writer and American realizer

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

  • Kenzaburo Oé : Japanese writer
  • Hachemi Rafsandjani, president of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Bakary Soumano, chief of the griots of the Mali
  • Leon Claude Duhamel, inventor of the Cagoule

Death in 1935

Beats-smg: 1935 Be-X-old: 1935 Map-bms: 1935 Simple: 1935 Zh-yue: 1935 年

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