Liturgy

The word liturgy comes from the Greek λειτουργία/ leitourgía , from λαός/ laós , “the people” and of the ἐργο root/ ergo , “to make, achieve”. It thus indicates, literally, the service of the people. It is a public worship and official legatee by a Church.

In Athens

The liturgy is, in the ancient Athens, a public service that the constrained State richest (Citoyen S or Métèque S) to achieve on their personal fortune: thus of the office of Gymnasiarque (intendant of the Gymnasium), of Chorège (payment of the members of the chorus to the theater) or of Triérarque (construction and maintenance of a Trière). There are two official liturgical classes: twelve Hundreds and the restricted group of the Three Hundreds. The archonte éponyme indicates among them the liturge, that which will be compels with a liturgy.

A liturgy represents important financial expenses. For this reason, it is frequent that the rich person try to escape from it. The antidosis (in Greek ἁντιδοσις, “exchange”) is one of these means. The liturge coldly indicated with the possibility of denouncing another citizen whom he considers richer than him. This last has then the choice to accept the liturgy, or to launch out in a lawsuit. At the end of this last, the loser must or to assume the liturgy, or to accept an exchange of fortunes.

Démosthène describes a antidosis in the Against Phénippos , and speech celebrates it On the exchange of Isocrate was composed at the time of one of these businesses.

In the Judaism

See also: Offices in the Judaism

  • old Judaism :

In the Bible of the Seventy, and the New Testament, the Greek word indicates the service of the Temple. It is thus associated with the Culte of the invisible God and with the Prière S which are addressed to him.

  • rabbinical Judaism :

(to be developed)

In the Christianity

Resulting from the Judaism, the Christianisme naturally took again the direction of the rendered public service with God, incarnated in Jesus-Christ died and ressuscity, by the Apôtre S, the bishop S which succeeded to them and the priests. There remains in particular of the Judaism the liturgy of the Word , i.e. the whole of the readings of a Messe or a worship.

Christian liturgies

They are composed of the unit of the readings, prayers and rites constitutive of the Christian worship, organized in a certain number of ritual daily newspapers which culminate in the mass or eucharistie.

At present, the word has three directions among Christians:

1. - with the direction first, advertisement of the Gospel, the practical application of the teaching of the Christ. In this direction, the Christ is the supreme liturge . This direction is so to speak unutilised. 2. - generally, the word indicates the whole of the rites and the liturgical Cérémonial implemented during an official religious celebration, i.e. organized by the Église, in opposition to the private Dévotion S. Thus, the unfolding of Sacrament S like the Mass or the Baptism, or still a Office of Complies for example are liturgies. On the other hand, a recitation of the Rosaire between individuals, including when they are joined together in a place of worship and accompanied by a priest or a Diacre, is not regarded as a liturgy in the Catholic church and the orthodoxe Église.

See also: Amorce=Voir in this direction the detailed articles, orthodoxe Liturgy, catholic Liturgy, Liturgy Anglican, Liturgy presbytérienne

See also: Amorce=Pour Churches resulting from [[Protestant reform]], [[Reform]] [[protesting]] E, to see the article, Worship protesting

3. - In a more restricted or older direction, the expression of “Holy Liturgy” indicates (particularly at the orthodoxe and the catholic Eastern), the Eucharistie. One then speaks about eucharistic liturgy .

See also: Amorce=Voir in this direction the detailed article, orthodoxe Liturgy

  • the Mass or the worship or the divine liturgy

It is the culminating point of the Christian liturgy. It is above all the " répétition" meal of the Maundy Thursday with commemoration of died and the resurrection of Christ. (This commemoration giving place to serious conflicts theological as for the value to give him). Various and varied forms, even within the various churches (catholic, orthodoxe or Protestant), these ritual knew a long evolution. Such as they today are known, they consist of a fixed part and a variable part. The texts of the fixed part, the ordinary one, very often go back to the first times of Christianity and comprise acclamations, songs of praises and professions of faith. As for the texts of the variable part, the characteristic, they are drawn from the Bible. The Latin mass can be known as each day, whereas the divine Eastern liturgy is celebrated only one with twice per week.

The divine office is the daily praise of the Catholic church (and orthodoxe). All the clerks are compelled with this prayer which is official (thus liturgical). The office is divided into seven celebrations, since the morning until the evening. The divine office has the aim of sanctifying the day of the Christian, by renting God.

  • the liturgical year

The liturgical year is divided into two parts, most important being Proprium de Tempore (Clean Time) with these times articulated around Christmas, Easter and Pentecost. With that the second division is added: Proprium of sanctis (the Characteristic of the saints) comprising the celebration of the festivals of the Saints.

Liturgique is thus a substantive relative to the various kinds of liturgies. It gave the following words:

  1. Aliturgique (of has - privative): to indicate one day when no liturgy is envisaged;
  2. Antiliturgique (of anti -, against): to qualify what is not in conformity with the officially definite liturgies;
  3. Paraliturigique (of para -, beside): who indicates the nonofficial ceremonies. one speaks then about paraliturgie .

Historical aspects

catholic Liturgy

See also: History of the Roman rite

orthodoxe liturgy

See also: Byzantine Rite

Around the liturgy

The exercise of the worship, in Christianity, is at the origin of a big number of objects and concepts relating to the liturgy:

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • the official gate of the catholic Liturgy (France)

    • official
  • Liturgy of the hours of the Catholic church, texts
  • liturgical song

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