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History of the Flanders

The current territory of the Flanders was with the Moyen-âge divided into several feudal States: the principal ones were the Comté of Flanders in the west, the Duché of the Brabant in the center and the Comté of Looz in the east (which was attached to the Principauté of Liege in 1367). Also let us note that this territory was crossed by the border of the Roman Holy roman Empire. The county of Flanders was thus a direct stronghold of the crown of France, whereas the remainder of the current Flanders belonged to the Holy roman Empire. For a detailed history of these territories, one will refer usefully to the articles in question.

Starting from 1384, these territories, except notable for the Principality of Liege, will be gradually integrated in the Burgundian Netherlands (Comté of Flanders 1384, Duché of the Brabant 1430), which will become then the Spanish Netherlands (1549). In 1581, the United Provinces proclaim their independence and only the Netherlands of the South remain under Spanish domination. Following the Battle of Peene to Noordpeene in 1677, the most Western area of the Flanders (châtellenies of Cassel, Bailleul and Ypres) is annexed to the kingdom of France in 1678 by the Traité of Nimègue. The Netherlands of the South remained Spanish will then pass under Austrian domination starting from 1713 (Austrian Netherlands). In 1792, Austrian Netherlands and principality of Liege are invaded by France, then reconquered in 1793 by Austria. France takes them again in 1794 and the appendix in 1795. In 1815, the current territory of the Flanders is attached to the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Contemporary Flanders

The history of the Flanders since the establishment of the Belgium in 1830 until before the Second world war is dominated by the fight of the Flemings to obtain to rights equal to those their French-speaking fellow-citizens, fights necessary because of discriminations which they underwent in a State thought at the beginning by and for French-speaking people.

The Flemish Communauté is now one of the three communities which constitute the Belgium.

The majority of them live in the five Flemish provinces: the Province of Antwerp (1), the Limbourg (2), the Flanders-Eastern (3), the Brabant-Fleming (4) and the Flanders-Western (5), and an any small portion (2% of the total of the Flemings) with Brussels, where they are minority (approximately 10 to 15% of the population of Brussels). The Flemings are approximately 6 million, that is to say about 60% of the Belgian population.

The Flanders has its own Parliament (the Vlaams Parlement ), its government and its administration. These institutions exert at the same time competences of the Flemish Région and the Flemish Communauté, following the fusion of these two entities.

All these institutions have their seat with Brussels. In Brussels, the Flemish Communauté is qualified in certain matters (just like the French Communauté of Belgium): teaching, culture, etc the cohabitation of the two communities in Brussels poses sometimes certain problems, to see on this subject the article the Flanders and Brussels .

In Brussels, the Flanders has its own political institutions, in particular the Flemish Community Commission ( Vlaamse gemeenschapscommissy or VGC), qualified for the Flemish institutions monocommunautaires of the Area of Brussels-Capital. In each commune of the area of Brussels, the VGC has its own center of the community ( gemeenschapscentrum ).

Flemings

The Flemish are the citizens of the Flanders. Since the federalisation of Belgium, and following fusion by the Flanders from its Community and regional institutions, are considered as Flemings all the Belgians who live the Flanders and in more all the Flemings of Brussels, i.e. the Belgians living the area of Brussels who are defined as Flemings. There does not exist however Flemish under-nationality.

Some think that this term should be only used to designate an inhabitant of one of the two Belgian provinces: Flanders-Eastern or Flanders-Western. However, to designate the inhabitants of one of these two provinces, one more often uses the Belgicisme flandrien.

The Flemish word , in a linguistic direction, can also designate the Belgians who preferably express in Dutch or in Flemish dialect .

The French-speaking minority

Let us note that there exists in Belgian Flanders a minority of French language actually subdivided in two communities or distinct French-speaking minorities:

a minority of Flemish truths but which are of French expression (it assert at the same time their identity Flemish with whole share and the fact of using the French language at the house and in their cultural activities): they are the Fransquillons, approximately: 150000 Flemings today, they live mainly in the big cities like Antwerp or Ghent.

a second minority: : 120000 with: 150000 French-speaking people not-Flemings but who live in Flemish Area, primarily in the common Flemish to Facilités linguistic of the communes of the the Brabant Flemish, neighborhood of Brussels: the majority of origin of Brussels (sometimes Walloon) and are installed in these communes starting from the middle of the XXe century.

The whole of these two minorities distinct from French language in Flanders, composed of “Flemings culturally of French language” (Fransquillons) and of “French-speaking people not-Flemish” residing in Flanders (French-speaking people of the Periphery of Brussels), is very difficult to estimate.

Although of French expression, the Fransquillons of Antwerp and Ghent regard as Flemish with whole share (they are all indeed Flemings) and they constituted formerly the social elite, economic and administrative French-speaking of the Flanders; therefore, contrary to a spread idea, they are neither the Wallons nor the Inhabitants of Brussels who " exploitèrent" linguistically Flanders, but indeed of other Flemings, French culture.

On the other hand the French-speaking of the immediate periphery Flemish around Brussels, although living in Flemish Area, are not regarded as " residents of Flandre" but rather like residents of the agglomeration of Brussels, since there exists a continuous French-speaking bond cultural and linguistic between their place of residence in Flanders (where they speak of course French at the house) and their practices of leisures and work in Brussels, activities which also occur for them in French language. It is this irrefutable fact which often creates an incomprehension between Flemings and French-speaking people of the Périphérie of Brussels, first reproaching seconds not to integrate into Area Flemish (periphery of Brussels belongs to Area Flemish, but not Brussels), while the seconds rather rétorquent that they belong culturally and socio-économiquement to the agglomeration of Brussels, than in the Flanders, and than the communes of the periphery are only the natural prolongation of Brussels-Capital; in both cases, it is a business from points of view divergent between French-speaking people and Dutch-speaking of the periphery.

Flemish community

Many Flemings are regarded as distinct people. They share the same media, universities, political parties, scientific and cultural associations… They also organized their choices and political organizations on a all Flemish people scale, and that well before the existence of the current Community institutions. The term “the Flemings” thus indicates initially the whole of all the Flemings, this Flemish community (in the direction sociological, political and cultural of the word) which is equipped today as of its own institutions (Flemish Parlement, Flemish Gouvernement and is recognized by the Belgian constitution like the Flemish Communauté).

Accordingly, Brussels being an officially bilingual city (and at the same time very mainly French-speaking), cosmopolitan and multilingual in practice following the establishment of the European institutions and communities of immigrants, is also a city where the members of the Flemish minority are citizens on their premises with public services available in their language, the Région of Brussels-Capital having the statute of 3rd Area of Belgium.

Concerning the Flemings of France (of which the territory was annexed by France between 1659 and 1678), it is advisable to refer to the article French Flanders.

The Flemish policy

The Flanders knows a democracy with an assembly elected with the Vote for all, the Flemish Parlement with a single room, a government, and ministries. All these institutions are installed with Brussels.

Flemish parties

List Flemish parties:

SPA-Spirit

Socialistische Partij-Anders (SPA, social democrats)
Spirit (nationalist moderated of left)

Groen! (in the past Agalev, ecologists)
CD&V-NVA

Christen-Democratisch in Vlaams (CD&V, Christian Democrats)
Nieuw-Vlaams Alliantie (NVA, moderate nationalists of right-hand side)

Open Vlaamse Liberalen in Democraten (Open-VLD, liberal)
Vlaams Belang (VB, ex-Vlaams Blok, extreme right-hand side, nationalists, opposed to immigration and the non-European minorities)
French-speaking Union (UF, French-speaking electoral roll, credits around Brussels in Brabant-Fleming)

See too

Distribution of competences in federal Belgium

Flemish culture

General discussion

For the academic formation, there exist six Dutch-speaking universities in Belgium.

The political tendency which dominated the Flanders almost without division at the 20th century is the Christian Democrat.

The Flanders is re-elected for

its art (primitive Flemish, Flemish Expressionnisme),
its architecture (Art nouveau, Art déco)
its Bière S (more than 300 beers various of which some gueuzes, Trappists or white),
its food (Waterzooi of chicken to Gantese, the Carbonade Flemish, Lapin with the prunes and the Bière, gray shrimp croquettes), chicken-chips.
its sportsmen: Cycling with Tom Boonen (double winner of the Turn of Flandres), Peter Van Petegem, but also Johan Museeuw; Tennis (with Kim Clijsters and Els Callens), Athletics: Kim Gevaert; Judo: Froze Vandecaveye, Ingrid Berghmans,…

She calls her celebrities of the name of “BV” for bekende vlamingen .

Flemish literature

The Flemish literature is multiform and cannot be regarded as completely homogeneous. The Flemish writers are usually read with the Netherlands, and vice versa. Among the most known Flemish writers, one can note Hugo Claus, Kristien Hemmerechts, Tom Lanoye, Geert van Istendael, Paul Koeck, Stijn Streuvels, Ward Ruyslinck. There exists also current poetic very important represented by Willem Elsschot and Guido Gezelle inter alia. Part of what one can describe as Flemish literature finds French being written, Michel de Ghelderode in is an example. Jacques Brel also always claimed its attachment in the Flanders even if he sings the large majority of his French songs.

Flemish media

The Flanders has several radio stations and of television, the principal ones being VRT, chain official and equipped with a mission which includes/understands information large-public and objectifies, non-partisane and with quality, and VTM, privately held company which gathers two chains.

For the printed media, most important are:

De Tijd , newspaper mainly of economic interest and financier, but with an increasingly important drafting of general interest;
De Standaard , newspaper formerly Flamingant and of right-hand side, but with an inflection towards the left and worms of model rather unitarist or a Federalism of union during the last years;
De Morgen , newspaper progressist;
Het Laatste Nieuws , newspaper of liberal tendency, it has the greatest number of readers in Flanders;
Gazet van Antwerpen , regional newspaper of Antwerp;
Het Belang van Limburg , regional newspaper of Limbourg;
Knack , weekly magazine, rather of left (magazine “brother” of the Vif/L' Express train );
Humo , magazine of general interest;
Trends , magazine of economic interest and financier (magazine “brother” of Trends-Tendencies .

References

Random links:

Coupe Davis 2000 | Maurice Janin | Literary prize Henriette Major | District of the Valley-of-Grace | Sexuality according to the Witnesses of Jéhovah

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