List type-setters persecuted during the Nazism
For the period of the National-socialisme, many instrumentalists and type-setters were persecuted in Germany and in the occupied territories by Germany during the Second world war.
The " Lexicon of the Jews in musique" appeared in 1934 provided an important base for this persecution. In this opuscule of Herbert Gerigk all the musicians " juifs" or " half-juifs" third Reich were listed.
" the loss for the music which results from the Holocaust will remain a catastrophe in proportions hitherto unknown " (Sarah Nathan-Davis, historian of the music).
Type-setters killed by the Nazis
-
Heinz Alt (1922-1945)
- Elkan Bauer (1852-1942)
- Daniel Belinfante (1893-1945)
- Robert Dauber (1922 - 1945)
- Mordechai Gebirtig (1877-1942)
- Sim Gokkes (1897-1943)
- Pavel Haas (1899-1944)
- Bob Hanf (1894-1944)
- Rudolf Karel (1880 - 1945)
- Dick Kattenburg (1919-1944)
- Franz Eugen Klein (1912 - 1944)
- Gideon Klein (1919-1945)
- Josef Koffler (1896 - 1943)
- Viktor Kohn (1901-1944)
- Hans Krása (1899-1944)
- Jirí Kummerman (1927-1944)
- Marcel Slats (1886-1943)
- Egon Ledec (1899 - 1944)
- Casimir Oberfeld (1903-1945)
- Romance Padlevski (1915 - 1943)
- Nico Richter (1915-1945)
- Zikmund Schul Sigmund/Siegmund Schul (1916-1944)
- Erwin Schulhoff (1894-1942)
- James Simon (1880-1944)
- Leo Smit (1900-1943)
- Martin Spanjaard (1892-1942)
- Karel Svenk (1907-1945)
- Carlo Sigmund Taube (1897-1944)
- Viktor Ullmann (1898-1944)
- Fritz Weiss (1919-1944)
- Vilém Zrzavý (1895-1942)
Type-setters pousuivis, imprisoned or constrained with the exile by the Nazis
-
Paul Abraham (1892-1960)
- Peter Deutsch (1901-1965)
- Hans Eisler (1898-1962)
- Peter Heilbut (1920-2005)
- Joseph Haas (1879-1960)
- Werner Richard Heymann (1896-1961)
- Erich Itor Kahn (1905-1956)
- Hans Gál (1890-1987)
- Norbert Glanzberg (1910-2001)
- Berthold Goldschmidt (1903-1996)
- Paul Hindemith (1895-1963)
- Václav Kaprál (1889-1946)
- Vítězslava Kaprálová (1915-1940)
- Erika Kickton (1896-1967)
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897-1957)
- Fritz Kreisler (1875-1962)
- Ernst Krenek (1900-1991)
- Bohuslav Martinů (1890-1959)
- Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992)
- Karol Rathaus (1895-1954)
- Karel Reiner (1910-1979)
- Nico Richter (1915-1945)
- Romance Martin (1913-1986)
- Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951)
- Franz Schreker (1878-1934)
- Theodor Schwake (1892-1967)
- Ignace Strasfogel (1909-1994)
- Ernst Toch (1887-1964)
- Kurt Weill (1900-1950)
- Egon Wellesz (1885-1974)
- Rosy Wertheim (1888-1949)
- Alexander von Zemlinsky (1871-1942)
- Aldo Finzi (1897-1945)
Type-setters died as a combatant against the Wehrmacht
-
Benjamin Fleischmann (1913-1941)
- Vassili Pavlovitch Kalafati (1869-1942)
- Jehan Alain (1911-1940)
- Maurice Jaubert (1900-1940)
See too
External bonds
- Discography of the type-setters of Terezin by Claude Torres
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