Linguistic interference

During their evolution (at the same time historical and geographical), the Langue S come into contact the ones with the others, causing situations of interference Linguistique . The languages are influenced then mutually, which can appear by lexical loans , new syntactic formulations, etc Concrètement, that results in the appearance of new words (possibly adapted to the pronunciation specific to their language), of new turnings of idiomatic sentence and/or the literal translation of expressions (Calque S). Generally, that starts with a progressive deformation and far from perceptible of the pronunciation which, for some Phonème S, gradually will be assimilated to a foreign pronunciation rather near.

An interference between two languages can occur for several reasons:

the two languages are spoken in very close territories, so that their speakers frequently côtoient themselves and, hearing the language of the other, they end up integrating to speak to them about the features resulting from the other language. It is for example the situation which occurs in Belgium, on the level of the linguistic Frontière separating the French-speaking from the Dutch-speaking : in the places where the speakers were in contact, the pronunciation tended to evolve/move (from where some “Accent”), certain words could be copied on a word of the other language (the interference is thus the source of some “Belgicisme S”), etc
One of the two languages has a radiation - that it is political, economic, cultural… - very important, which largely exceeds its borders. Consequently, other nations feel the need to be initiated with this language, which seems a Common language, to even use it in the place of their own language. Currently, the English has a similar radiation, which leads various countries to adopt it like official language, even if the population keeps its native tongue.
In a apparent but however very widespread way, certain languages influence others in a precise field of them. The appearance of a new reality is not done everywhere at the same time; certain languages are prompter than others to name this reality. It may be whereas languages which did not define this reality yet incorporate the foreign name in their lexicon. Thus, of many languages use English computer to indicate a computer.

Three reports/ratios of interference are possible: the Substrate , the Superstratum and the Adstrat .

It should be noticed that, in a design of the Linguistique dated enough today, it would be primarily this phenomenon of interference which would lead the languages to evolve/move, phonetic evolution mainly (pronunciation) and lexical (vocabulary).

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