Limburgo un der Lahn

Bâbur (February 14th 1483 - December 26th 1530) is a famous conqueror of the India and the founder of the dynasty moghole. Its name is Zahir ud-DIN Muhammad , but it receives the nickname of Bâbur, meaning “the leopard”. Descendant of Tamerlan by Miran Shah and of Gengis khan by his/her mother, it is born the February 14th 1483 with Andijan. His/her father, Omar Sheikh Mirza, was king of Ferghana, part of the Turkestan, maintaining in Ouzbékistan. Omar dies in 1495, and Bâbur inherits the throne, although old only twelve years. An attempt at inversion by his/her uncles fails, and at once its ensured throne, it reflects to extend its territory.

In 1497, it attacks and takes Samarkand, on which it thinks of having a hereditary legitimate right. A rebellion among its noble seizes its kingdom. To reconquer it on the way, its troops give up it and it reperd Samarkand. It takes again its lost territories, but in 1501 by its principal enemy is finally driven out by it, Muhammad Shaybânî, the Khan of the Uzbek. During three years, he wanders, trying in vain to recover his lost possessions, then in 1504, gathering some faithful troops, he crosses the snow-covered Hindū-Kūsh, takes the strong city of Kabul and is found with the head of a rich person kingdom.

Again, after the death of Shaibani in 1510, Bâbur claims its original possessions, and receives the determining assistance of the Turkmène Ismail Safavi, and in 1511 makes a triumphal entry in Samarkand. But in 1514 it is again demolishes by the Uzbek and turns over with difficulty to Kabul.

It now seems to have lost any hope to recover the Ferghana , and as it fears also an invasion of Uzbek in the west, it turns to the India and in particular the Panjab which it regards as its legitimate heritage by Tamerlan. Several preliminary incursions had been already made, when in 1521 a opportunity arises for a more serious forwarding. Ibrâhîm Lodî, sultan of Delhi, is hated of all same by its noble Afghan and Bâbur is combined with a rebel, Alam Khan. It gathers its forces, 12.000 men and some pieces of artillery and walk on India. Ibrahim, with 100.000 soldiers and of many elephants advances against him. The great battle takes place with Pânipat the April 21st 1526, Ibrahim is massacred and her army put in rout. Bâbur proclaims then Padshah Ghazi , emperor of India, then with the assistance of his/her son Humâyûn seizes Âgrâ immediately. But, a more formidable enemy still awaits it, Rana Sangha of Chittorgarh which gathered against him an enormous army of 210.000 men. Its case appears desperate, it makes the wish give up the wine, which it consumes without measurement. In Kanwaha, the March 10th 1527, it gains a great victory, while his/her son pacifies the valley of the Gange, and then becomes the absolute master of India of north.

It passes the end of its life to organize its new empire and to embellish Âgrâ, its capital. In October 1530, his/her oldest son and preferred Humâyûn falls ill. Whereas all the doctors agree to announce his nearest death, it is Babur which dies because in the advertisement of the disease of his/her son, Babur is destroyed. According to the legend, it would have given its life to save that of that which it designates as its successor. He dies the December 26th 1530 during his forty-eighth year and is buried in Kabul. Humâyûn succeeds to him then.

Fine well-read man, it liked the music, composed of the poems and dictated his memories, the Bâbur Nâmâ , chronicle of his life and his close relations between 1494 and 1529, probably the first autobiographical text of the Islamic world, written in Turkish tchaghataï.

Its Dynastie reigned on India until the 19th century.

Wives and descent

Union with Aisha Sultan Begum (Khodjent March 1500), girl of Sultan Ahmed Mirza and Qataq Begum, (1484 - v. 1531)

Fakhrunnisa Begum, (1501) died at the age of 1 month

Zainab Sultan Begum (Kabul 1504), girl of Sultan Mahmud Mirza and Khwanzada Termizi Begum; died of the small pox in 1507, without descent

Union with Maham Begum (Herat 1506), relationship of Sheikh Ahmed Jami (dead with Agra the May 8th 1533)

Humâyûn (Kabul 1508 - 1556)
Barbul Mirza, (Kabul 1509/1510 - died young before March 1519)
Mihrjahan Begum (Khost 1511 - died young person before March 1519)
Esan Daulat Begum (Kabul (1516) - died young before March 1519)
Na Begum, (Kabul (1517/1518 - died young person before March 1519)
Farouk Mirza (Kabul August 2nd, 1526 - 1527)

Union with Masuma Sultan Begum (Kabul 1507), girl of Sultan Ahmed Mirza and Habiba Sultan Begum Arghun (dead in Kabul layers towards 1509/1510)

Masuma Sultan Begum, (Kabul 1509/1510 -??), married into 1515/1516 with Mirza Mohammed Zaman, wire of Badiuzaman Mirza and Urun Khanum Sultan; died drowned in Gange with Causa in 1539

Union with Gulrukh Begum Taghay Begchik (1508), sister of Sultan Ali Mirza Taghay Begchik and Yadgar Taghai (dead before 1545)

Kamran Mirza, (Kabul 1509 - Mecque October 5th, 1557) governor of Kabul, Kandahar and Multan on September 18th, 1528; governor of Ghazni and Punjab 1530-1553; plugged in 1553
Mohammed Askari Mirza, (Kabul 1516 - Mecque 1554) governor of Multan, Chandiri in September 1528; of Sarkar Sambhal 1530
Shahrukh Mirza, (Kabul (1518 -?) died young person
Ahmed Mirza, (Kabul (1520 -?) died young person
Gulizar Begum, (Kabul (1522 -?) died young person

Union with Dildar Aga Begum (1510/1514), died after 1550:

Gulrang Begum, (Khost 1511/1515 - after 1543); married to Esan Timur Chaghatai Moghol, wire of Ahmed Khan Chaghatai Moghol, then Mirza Nureddin Mohammed, wire of Kwaja Alauddin Mohammed
Gulchihra Begum, (Kabul 1516/1517 - after 1557); married to Sultan Tukhta Bugha Khan Chaghatai Moghol, wire of Ahmed Khan Chaghatai Moghol, + 1533 then Abbas Sultan Uzbeg
Abul Nasir Mohammed Hindal, (Kabul March 4th, 1519 - killed in Arabia on November 20th, 1551); governor Sarkar Alwal 1530; married to Sultanam Begum, sister of Mohammed Mahdi Kwaja; father of:

Ruqqaya Sultan Begum, (1542 - Agra January 25th, 1626) married to Akbar

Gulbadan Begum (Kabul 1523 - February 1603) married to Khizr Khwaja Khan Chaghatai Moghol, wire of Aiman Khwaja Khan
Alwar Mirza (Kabul (1524/1525) - Agra 1529)

Bibi Mubaraika Begum (Kehraj on January 30th, 1519), girl of Malik Shah Mansur Yusufzai, died after 1556

Works

Bâbur wrote itself in Mongolian Langue:

the Relation of its conquests
the History of its life (translated into English by John Leyden and William Erskine, London, 1826)
Babur Nama: Newspaper off Emperor Babur , Zahir Uddin Muhammad Babur, Translated from Chaghatay Turkic by Annette Susannah Beveridge, Abridged, edited and introduced by Dilip Hiro. (ISBN-13) ISBN 978-0-14-400149-1; (ISBN-10) ISBN 0-14-400149-7. - Baburnama completely in line

Appendices

Sources

External bonds

Uzbek Genealogy
Site in English

Be-X-old: Бабур Simple: Babur

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