Life front century J. - C.

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See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ----

Events

China

the Silk route is set up between the China and the Occident (Greece, Rome, Ukraine, Russia, Germanie, Great Britain). From China come silk, the mirrors and objects of Han bronze, the ceramics, the spices and the lacquers, exchanged against gold, the money, the ivory, the semi-precious stones, the coral, amber and glass.
From 600 av. J. - C., the old order is degraded slowly. For the hierarchy peerage-book, the respect of the traditional statutes, replace power struggles, not only between kingdoms, but more especially inside even of the kingdoms. The big families carry out the violent fights to seize the capacity, princes and barons are opposed, and the chiefs of kingdoms try to release themselves from the most powerful families. These fights lead sometimes to the elimination of the consanguineous nobility to the profit of new men, entirely devoted to the prince (thus with Jin, at the end of seventh century BC), sometimes with the usurpation in fact (with Lu in -562), sometimes with the complete usurpation of the princely prerogatives (with IQ at the beginning of fifth century BC, sometimes with territorial divisions (in Jin in -453).

Southeast Asia

Development of companies living of the sea, in Southeast Asia, in the Bay of Bengal and in the Gulf of Aden.
the Indo-European tribe of the Sakya is established at the border of the India and the Nepal.
Sixteen principalities developed in the valley of the Gange, around large cities protected by raw brick ramparts.

The Middle East

In 587 av. J. - C., Jerusalem is taken by the Chaldée NS, its temple is destroyed and the Royaume of Juda becomes simple Babylonian province. Some 20.000 people, is most of its elite economic and political, is off-set towards Babylon. The Juifs will discover the Zoroastrisme there.

Cyrus II, king de Perse, makes the conquest of Babylon and its provinces. It authorizes in 539 av. J. - C. the Jews to be turned over towards the Palestine, but the economic situation is not very favorable there and much will remain in the Perse empire, however 42.000 of them will return.

Europe

Greek world

Birth of the Democracy in ancient Greece, thanks to Solon, which wrote the first Constitution of Athens (in the form of poem), first Constitution written with the world.
Sparte takes the head of the Ligue of the Peloponnese.
Larissa, stronghold of Aleuades directs the confederation thessalienne.
Colonization of the tauric Chersonèse (current the Crimea). Colonization milésienne in the Bridge (Sinope, Trapézonte).
Athens seizes Sigée, colony of Lesbos on the Hellespont at the beginning of the century.

Italy

Between the end of the 6th century and the middle of the 5th century, an oligarchical republican mode based on tyranny is established in the majority of the Etruscan cities where develops a quasi levelling company (equality of the sexes and single class).
the peaceful expansion of the Etruscans is done in north towards Florence and the plain of the Po, in the south until the the Tiber where the Italic populations (Falisques, Latin Capenates and ) are étrusquisées.
Apogee of the commercial traffics Etruscan: wine and oil towards the Corsica , the Sardinia, the Sicily, Carthage, the Provence, the Languedoc (Slats) and the Greece.

Western Europe

Civilization ibère in Andalusia: Turdetani of the Guadalquivir, Bastetani of the Andalusian east, Constetani of Elche.

the people ibères, which have the religion in common (sanctuary of Cerro of los Santos, of Elche, of Despenaperros), have an aristocratic company dominated by chiefs on which the warriors are dependant until death by bonds of fidelity. Their military structure is attested by fortified towns that the Romans will have evil to conquer, like Osuna or Carmona in Andalusia and Sagonte in the area of Valence.

Installation of Celtic people, of which the Lusitanians, in the west of the Iberian peninsula. They develop the metallurgy of bronze and of iron, stone-built houses of circular plan build.

the low plains of Northern Europe are occupied for the first time; constitutions of artificial hills called Terpen or Wierden.

Stabilization of the Greek trade in the Western Mediterranean.

commercial Contacts between the Celtic in the North-West of the Alps and the Greek colonies of the Western Mediterranean.

Eastern Europe

the Celtes are established Burgundy with the Austria.
Civilization poméranienne in Poland (approximately 600-200 av. J. - C.).
Kourgane of Kostromskaïa, in the area of Kouban. Cubic funerary room out of wooden surmounted by a pyramidal roof supported by massive beams of 3,2 m, covered with a ground tumulus. Skeletons of 13 servants and 22 sacrificed horses. Points of lances, iron shield, swords. Objects of gold and bronze coming from the Greek colonies of the Black Sea.

Significant characters

In ancient Greece:

Solon (640 with 558 av J. - C.), legislator and Athenian poet , writes a poem which one sometimes regards as the first Constitution written world, that of Athens; it was estimated of Plato and Aristote; it is a precursor of the Athenian Démocratie.
Clisthène (Athens), legislator Athenian, founds the Athenian Démocratie (508 av J. - C.).
Pythagore, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer with Crotona (Italy).
Thalès de Milet, mathematician, trading, astronomer, engineer, philosopher and founder of the school milésienne. He is regarded as the father of the geometry.
Cléobule, tyrant of Lindos to Rhodos, one of the seven wise ones of Greece. Lygdamis, tyrant of Naxos. Anacharsis, Scythian, precursory philosopher of the cynical ones. Canachos, Anténor of Athens, Agélada of Argos, Archémos of Tap-hole, sculptors. Xénophane founds the philosophical school of Élée. Hipponax of Ephèse, Phocylide of Millet, Théognis de Mégare (v. -540), Ibycos of Rheghion, poets. Sappho, poetess with Mytilène (born v. -610). Ésope, fabulist. Thespis, tragic poet, transports the first travelling troop. Mimnerme of Smyrna, didactic poet.

In India:

With the foot of the the Himalayas, is born a prince from the name of Siddharta Gautama. It is also called Shakyamuni (the wise one of the clan of Śākya) and remains in the memories under the name of Bouddha (Enlightened).

In China:

Confucius, whose moral precepts still govern the life of the Chinese.
Lao-Tseu (or Large Master), the founder of the Taoism.

With the Middle-East:

Zoroastre, reforming prophet of the Mazdéisme, whose intellectual depth exerted a great influence on the doctrines Judeo-Christians.
Cyrus II Large the, king de Perse
King Nabuchodonosor II of Babylon.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

In China, significant beginnings of the process of the cast iron of iron.
the metallurgy of iron reaches sub-Saharan Africa (Méroé).
Use of the elephants of war in India.
Establishment of the system of the Caste S in India, quoted in a late text of the Rig-Veda.
Identification of Lydian and Greek currencies (Millet).
the practical doctor Alcméon the dissection of animals.
Appearance of the keys in Greece allotted to Theodore de Samos; the key were already known Hebrews and Egyptians.
First modern traces of the Currency in ancient Greece.

Art & culture

Apogee of the antiquated Period in Greece: expansion of the hellenism in the Mediterranean, artistic development without precedent, birth in Ionie of the “Greek thought”.
Temple of Prinias in Crete (carved stone planks). The wood columns of the temple of Héra to Olympie are replaced by stone barrels. - First doric attested complete stone column with Delphes. First large built known gantry with Samos.
Ceramic attic with black figures.
vedic Literature attested in India (Sustras).
the writing kharoshthi, of origin araméenne, appears in India.

Beats-smg: VI omžios pr. Mr. E. Be-X-old: 6 стагодзьдзедан. э. Nds-nl: 6th eeuw v. Chr.

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