Lied
A Lied (pl. Lieder : German term) is a short composition (symphonic poem) for a voice accompanied by a Piano or an instrumental Ensemble, on a text of German language . In the beginning, the Lieder were popular German ecclesiastical songs (source of the choral Lutheran at the time of the reform at the 16th century). One finds initially three or four votes based on popular or courteous melodies existing, and the lower voices are very often instrumental. It is from 1530 that one finds Lieder with only one vote, of strophic form (alternation verse/refrain) and who resemble the Italian canzonetta , while keeping a German text. This Musical genre is the German equivalent of the French melody. Although there are many differences. First of all in time, the Lied is with its apogee whereas the French melody still stammers and pains has to acquerrir its noble letters. One can consider that Debussy is the principal representative, at the same time in Germany Mahler and Strauss composes for a long time. Another difference is the fact that the Lied is of origin popular (Volkslied) before " savantiser". A contrario the melody is an erudite kind from the beginning. The fact that one uses the German term " lied" underline well the development and the importance which this kind in Germany and Austria had, since major cycle of Schubert until the Gurre-Lieder of Schönberg which add up almost two hours of music and monopolize a gigantic Orchestre.
Among the famous type-setters of Lieder one finds in particular Johannes Brahms, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Felix Mendelssohn, Hugo Wolf, Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler or Arnold Schönberg.
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