License (university degree)

See also: License

The license is a rank and/or a diploma of higher education corresponding at various levels according to the countries. There does not exist in the countries of Anglo-Saxon university tradition.

The license in Germany

The lizenziat .

The license in Argentina

The will licenciatura .

The license in Belgium

In Belgium, the license ( licentiaat in Flemish) is a diploma of the university higher education decreed after the success of a two years cycle, for the majority of the orientations, and three years in certain cases (psychology, right). It is accessible to the students already titular from a diploma of Candidature obtained after two years. The two diplomas will be gradually replaced in the framework of the Processus of Bologna, the license by the master, which will always last two years, and the candidature by the baccalaureat which passes to three years.

The license in Brazil

The will licenciatura , with the Brésil, is an university degree which not only sanctions the end of the first cycle (cycle Undergraduate), but also confers on its holder the aptitude for teaching at various levels, according to the followed course (primary, secondary or university). The will licenciatura is often close to the courses of the type baccalaureat sanctioning the end of the first cycle, but includes/understands in addition to the specific teaching disciplines and 300 hours of practice of teaching obligatory (see).

The license in Denmark

The licentiatgrad in Denmark is an old university degree which of 1955 to 1988 corresponded to the realization of a research task equivalent to that necessary to obtain PhD in the German tradition then Anglo-Saxon. It since was replaced by the Ph.D. - grad and is regarded as a lavere doktorgrade " small doctorat" , in opposition to the hoyere doktorgrade , " high doctorat" , like the doktorgraden I naturvidenskab .

The license in Spain

The will licenciatura is obtained after 4 to 6 years of higher learning. It gives the rank of licenciado in… . The graduate to continue his studies towards the Doctorate ( doctorado ).

The license in Finland

The lisensiaatti is a diploma obtained after the Maîtrise ( maisterin tutkinto ) in 2 years. In the disciplines of health it is delivered at the end of 5 or 6 years of higher learning.

The license in France

See also: License (France)

The license is a national diploma and a rank of the higher education in France. Since the Reform LMD, it generally corresponds to three years of studies (L1, L2 and L3) after the baccalaureat French is 180 appropriations in the system (ECTS); before reform LMD, it was prepared in one year after DEUG. Historically, the rank got busy only with the suffix arts (for the science students human and social and in literary disciplines), science (natural science and experimental), and in right .

The license in Norway

The licentiatus is an intermediate diploma delivered between the rank of candidatus and the rank of doctor in the studies of right and odontology.

The license in Poland

The diploma " licencjat" is obtained after a cycle of higher education, from 3 to 4 years.

The license in Portugal

The will licenciatura gives the rank of licenciado . It is delivered by the universities and polytechnic generally after 4 to 6 years of higher learning. The graduate can continue his studies towards a Maîtrise ( carta masterly ) or a Doctorat ( carta doutoral ) if it obtains a final high note.

The license as a Czech Republic

bakalář .

The license in Romania

The Licentiat .

The license in Sweden

The licentiatexam gives the rank of licenciat . It is a diploma " post-grade" obtained in two years of studies. The graduate can continue to obtain the doctorate ( doktorexam ) in two years.

The license in Switzerland

In Swiss, the license ( Lizenziat in German) is a diploma of the university higher education of Second cycle, decreed after the success of a four years cycle on average for the majority of the orientations. This title made following the half-License or certificate Propaedeutics , obtained after an average of approximately two years, but which is not a university degree final and recognized in the work world. The Swiss License comprises a total of 240 appropriations ECTS. The success of the License cycle was a precondition to follow the thorough studies DEA. The License is gradually replaced by the Bachelor, which will last 3 years, and DEA is replaced by the Master which will last 1-2 years, following the Processus of Bologna. Whereas the Conference of the Vice-chancellors of the Swiss Universities - VINTAGES decided into 2003 that the license would not be equivalent to the master , in January 2006, the Swiss University Conference - CUS made authority by deciding that “Even without certificate of equivalence, the holders of a license or a diploma are authorized to carry the title of master” while specifying that the two terms will not have the right to be carried simultaneously, in order to prevent that the reform of Bologna is not a source of discrimination with regard to the graduates resulting from the " anciennes" dies of studies of license and diplôme."

See too

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