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The fires of ship are fires presenting a certain number of particular dangers, in particular for the large ships (cargo liner S, Paquebot S):

  • because of autonomy of the ship, this one contains many matters in the vicinity: Gas oil, Acetylene (Blowtorch X), Compressed air…
  • because of its narrowness and of the compartmentation (to avoid the massive water invasion in the event of escape), the advance is complex with changes of levels;
  • volumes are confined, heat cannot be evacuated, and the important metal mass radiates heat intensely;
  • with quay, there is presence near ships transporting of the dangerous and flammable matters;
  • at sea, there are enormous problems of access;
  • juridically, the captain is only Master on board and can refuse the access to the firemen.

They are fires releasing an enormous quantity of Fumée S, Chaleur and vapor of water, with increased risks of thermal Accident (Embrasement generalized flash and Explosion of smoke). The firemen must be equipped with aluminized and impermeable special combinations, of insulating breathing apparatuses of great capacity for and a one hour endurance radios whose waves progress in spite of the metal mass (450 M Hz). If the access at the higher levels is easy, the intervention in the hold is particularly complicated and the recognition can be very long.

The conditions are testing: nervous Tension (loss of the reference marks: without visibility nor hearing), Tiredness (difficult progression, pipes wedging itself in the angles, rises and descents), heat (risk of Heat stroke), lasted of intervention. It is thus necessary to envisage important manpower to allow a rotation of the teams and to avoid lasting engagement of more than one consecutive fifteen minutes.

In France, one counts each year two to three starting points of fire in the port of Brest, and a hundred on the Building sites of the Atlantic to Saint-Nazaire controlled for the majority by the teams of the building site (five to six require the intervention of the firemen). If fire develops (very rare case), it requires the sending of average solid masses (about 500 firemen). Safety is thus based primarily on the prevention (early detection aboard ship with means of extinction and personnel sailing formed).

Safety in the National marine

On board each building of the French National marine, exists a Brigade safety, person in charge of the prevention and fight against the disasters (Incendie, Voie of water, NBC). It is made up of electrical engineers of safety, a Spécialité of the Navy. It is in charge of the maintenance of the material of fight against the disasters (Pompes sets fire to, Manches and fire hoses, Extincteur S, etc, of the equipment of Prévention and forms the framework of the groups of interventions in the event of disaster. Its personnel ensures the Quart the sea with the PC Safety. Lastly, its personnel has a training of first-aid worker (CFAPSE)

Famous fires

  • July 1947: set fire to Ocean Liberty Ship in roads of Brest, containing approximately 2  000 tons of Ammonitrate in its compartments; the explosion caused considerable damage: 26 died, 400 wounded, with a mini tidal wave and projectiles of several tons projettés in the air;

  • December 1990: set fire to Monarch off the Seas then in final stage of construction by the Building sites of the Atlantic to Saint-Nazaire.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • Fires of ships: SP on the bridge

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