The libido (“the Latin desire”) indicates the sexual desire . The word can however indicate a more general concept of creative energy of an individual, in particular for the psychoanalyst Carl Jung.

Sigmund Freud invented the term by specifying that it was about a force or energy nelle Pulsion entering in conflict with conventions and the civilized behavior. To tell the truth, and it is known little, Freud did not invent the term which one finds already employed by Spinoza in the direction of sensual appetite. Freud, on the other hand, while making the word independent of its Latin origin, used it largely in the development of the psychoanalytical theory.

For Freud, God does not do anything for nothing . Being the libido, to get pleasure is undoubtedly not the goal but the means. The goal is to ensure at all costs the reproduction of the species (in fact, this idea is already exposed in the work of Jean de Meung the Romance of the Rose , " best-seller" … of the 13th century). With this intention, in the context of the evolution Darwin ienne, nature selected during a few million years of evolution, the “libidineux” beings more (with the clean direction of the term). These beings (men, Primate S, animals…) having to introduce into the reproductive cycle, the greatest possible quantity their genes.

Categorization

Saint-Augustin was the first to distinguish three types of desires, the " libido sciendi " , desire of knowledge, the " libido sentiendi " , sensual desire in the broad sense, and the " libido dominendi " , desire to dominate. This categorization knew a certain prosperity and was taken again by many authors, poets, writers, thinkers Western, in particular Jansénius and more recently by the German romantic writer Goethe (see the Faust of Goethe).

In the human society

If the libido hardly changed during the ages, the expression of the libido, on the other hand, enormously varied. According to any probability, the Venus callipyge would hardly excite the modern man, whereas contrary the modiglianic Venus would hardly excite our ancestor of Tautavel or Cro-magnon.

For the woman subjected to a regular sexual cycle, the maximum libido is reached 14 days after the rules (in the middle of the cycle): it is the œstrus, time when a maximum of female hormones is secreted.

For the man, the libido, quasi permanent, is the resultant of the interior stimuli, the Fantasme S, the impulses (the that would say Freud) but also stimuli external (seen, seen, Phéromone S,…).

There too operation is cyclic but the cycle is very different. In order to produce the erection, the libido starts secretion - cérébralement by the Hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis - Testostérone (the male hormone par excellence) and the testosterone in its turn excites the libido (according to a loop of '' feedback '' autorégulée). Physiologically, the goal of the erection is to produce a fertilizing ejaculation; itself source of introduction of Gene S necessary for the maintenance and the development of the Genetic inheritance of the species (human in fact).

Additives & stimulants

In order to arrive or to increase the state of maximum pleasure, the women and especially the men resort to Adjuvant S:

• is cultural (music, dance, poetry, literature, etc);
• is chemical or vegetable, however besides some products (Piment S of all kinds, hyperprotéinées substances…) majority of these Aphrodisiac S (cognac, Ginger, Galanga, Wood-bandaged…) act only by suggestive effect, by causing a stimulation (or for more inhibited S by allowing a stimulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal Axe). Thus the people of sinicizing culture raffolent ailerons of Requin S but also of penis of dried tiger (!) , of “horns of rhinoceros” and other “stones of Bear”, supposed phallic substitutes to leave them a state of temporary or even permanent impotence. All that would be folk than really harmful, if it were not devoted there true fortunes (it is, according to UNO, the third budget world after the drug trafficking and the Trafic of weapons). The problem is that, by doing this, these practices already involved the disappearance of several remarkable animal species (white tiger of Malaysia, Rhinocéros of Sumatra…). ;
• is mechanical (see B.D.S.M.).

In the animal companies

Contrary to the mankind, there exist periods of intense libido (with the Printemps, in Automne, according to the Lunaison S…) : the Heats at the females and the Rut in the males.

July in November, the testosterone (hormone increasing aggressiveness) proportioned at the Cervidé S adults, is in a ratio from 1 to 1000. Thus the Roe-deer, very apprehensive usually, becomes hyperagressif in period of rut and defends what he regards as his territory in an unrestrained way (going until attacking the cars rolling on axes crossing of wood…). Of this simple fact, the roe-deers cannot be high in captivity…

But the example best studied, from this point of view, is that of the companies of Lion S. Having to introduce into the reproductive cycle (and thus into the genetic stock of the species), a maximum quantity their clean Gène S, those enter very quickly in competition with the other male representatives of their species. In general, during the combat without mercy, youngest of the males attack regularly oldest (which are with the head of a clan thus of a sizeable Harem), until one day, the great age of the latter leads them to be done détrôner. And so on.

In the event of failure, frequent, they are folded back on isolated females. But those generally have charges with them one or two lion cubs which they nurse, therefore, they have neither œstrus any more, nor libido. Then to start again the reproductive Cycle, the young males do not hesitate to sacrifice the lion cubs… Useless cruelty, seems it, but as said large the Buffon: “Lex of naturae Lasted, sed lex”.

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