Liberation movement of the women

In France, the Liberation movement of the women was born from several currents, reformists with radicals. At the same time heir to the movement of May 1968 and the Women' S American Lib incipient, to the fights for the right to the Contraception and the Abortion started by the Family planning, of the claims to the equality of all the rights, moral, sexual, legal, economic, symbolic systems, and of the fight against all the forms of oppression and Misogyny.

Chronology

Between 1967 and 1970, several work groups are formed. In the tread of the movement of May, nonmixed meetings take place as of October 1968, on the initiative of Antoinette Fouque and Monique Wittig. They gather ten women who work on the female Sexualité and on the articulation the fights women to the fights anticolonialists and the class struggles. An association mixed, Female, Male, Future (FMA) exit of the FGDS (socialist), chaired by Anne Zelensky, organize since 1967 of the meetings on the relations between the men and the women. Another group, the green Ears, remains mysterious.

As the photographs testify some to time, the first public meeting of what will become the MLF, takes place with the Université of Vincennes, spring 1970, whereas in the number of May 1970 of the International Idiot appears, the first text Féministe French: Fights for the Women's Liberation, Co-signed by Monique Wittig, Gille Wittig, Marcia Rothenburg and Margaret Stephenson.

The first media outing of the Movement takes place the August 26th 1970, when a group of ten women deposit under the Triumphal arch with Paris, a sheaf with the woman of the Unknown soldier (in solidarity with the strike of the American women, who celebrate this day the 50e birthday of their right to vote). On their streamers one can read: " There is more unknown than the unknown soldier, His femme" , and Monique Wittig carries a streamer: " A man on two is a femme."

With autumn 70, an special issue of the Partisans review appears, published by François Maspero, entitled “Women's Liberation, year zero”, which gather anonymous testimonies, and texts signed by Frenchwomen and the American ones. One reads in the presentation: " the phenomenon is not limited to the the United States. Everywhere in Western Europe, simultaneously for more than two years, in England, Holland, Sweden and with the Denmark, in Germany, in France, maintaining in Italy, of the groups of women has been spontaneously formed to think of the means of fighting against their oppression. "

The first A.G of the Art schools take place as of autumn 70, Wednesday evening every fifteen days, whereas leaves to Maspéro the special issue “Partisans: Women's Liberation, Year Zero” (n° 54-55, July-October 1970).

Then in May 1971, appears the first of the six numbers of the newspaper the Cloth burns, published until in 1973, and opened with all. One reads there (leading Torchon n°2): " The movement, they are all these women who meet on the basis of their revolt in better including/understanding it why and it how and to be able to fight together. The liberation movement of the women is not an organization, there is not and there is not to have “of executive team”. "

One can distinguish three principal tendencies in the MLF.

the tendency “Class struggle” tries to articulate the analysis Marxiste and the feminist claim, and preaches the double militance: with the MLF for the questions of the women, in the organizations gauchists for the “general policy”.

the feminist tendency which is subdivided between radical feminists and feminist reformists. For the radical ones like Monique Wittig, it is a question of reaching the Lesbianisme and of abolishing the term “woman” marked by oppression: at the horizon the “kind”, and what will name the “Queer”. Christine Delphy, for which the women constitutes a class defined by the obligation “to provide free services domestic”, recommends the catch to be able by the women to arrive to “the total destruction of the patriarchal system of production and reproduction ”. The orientation reformist is incarnated in the League of the women's right, chaired by Simone de Beauvoir, and in several collectives of assistance to the women (such as S.O.S violated Women).

“Psychoanalysis and Politique”, developed by Antoinette Fouque which proposes an articulation of unconscious and history which made the specificity of part of the French movement. She wants “to make emerge the subject woman” and to release, against the dogma freudien, “There is only a Libido and she is Phallique”, another libido which she will call soon libido 2 or uterine libido . This tendency of the MLF, financed by the patron Sylvina Boissonas, is at the origin of the editions Of the women (1973), of the bookstores Of the women in Paris (1974-1999), Marseilles (1976-1989) and Lyon (1977-1988), of the newspaper the Daily newspaper of the Women, in 1974, of monthly magazine and the weekly magazine Of the women moving 1977 with 1982.

The vote of the law Veil dépénalisant the abortion, on January 18th, 1975, is a victory for the feminists who asserted the right to the voluntary interruption of pregnancy. In 1974, a first Secrétariat of State to the Female condition was created in France, and the ditch widens between the reformists and those which are due to the independence of the Movement. In 1975, takes place the International Year of the Woman, organized by the the United Nations.

In spite of the polemics and the dissensions, the various groups are found punctually, until in 1976, for united actions: for the right to the abortion, against the violences made to the women. In October 1979, Antoinette Fouque and the other militant ones create an association law of 1901 Liberation movement of the Women - MLF of which it is president, and deposit initials MLF with the office of the Industrial property, without preliminary consultation of the whole of the Movement. This gesture starts an important polemic, relayed by the media. In March 1982, Antoinette Fouque releases itself from any active political responsibility to association " MLF déposé" . In 1989, it creates the Alliance of the Women for the Democracy.

The women of the Liberation movement of Women (the MLF in her broadest meaning) deeply transformed the company and the values starting from second half of the 20th century. They allowed a considerable step ahead of the women's rights, in particular the reforms of the right to the control of fruitfulness, the professional equality and parental, the law on the parity.

Journalistic publications

the Cloth burns , 6 numbers (1971 with 1973)
the Daily newspaper of the women : 10 numbers of November 23rd (1974 at June 25th 1976)
Of the Women moving , monthly magazine: 11 numbers, December 1977 at January 1979]; box republished with the ED. Of the woman-Antoinette Fouque. * '' Hebdo '' Of the Women moving: 101 numbers, of October 20th [[1979]] at July 16th [[1982]]. * '' Feminist Questions '', '' Nouvelles Feminist Questions '' * '' Histoires of Them '', '' Sorcières ''… == Voir also == ===Articles connexes=== * [[Antoinette Fouque]] * [[Monique Wittig]] * [[Christine Delphy]] ===Publications=== * The international Idiot n°6, '' Combat for the Women's Liberation '', May 1970. * Partisans n°54-55, '' Women's Liberation Year Zero '', Maspéro, July-October 1970, republished out of pocket in 1972. * '' the Cloth burns '', 6 numbers of 1971 to 1973 (republication, ED. Women, 1982). * '' the Book of the oppression of the women '', Belfond, 1972. * '' Chroniques of an imposture, Liberation movement of the women to a trade mark '', foreword of Simone de Beauvoir, AMLF, 1981. * Christine Delphy, '' Origins of the Liberation movement of the women in France '', New feminist Questions n°16-17-18, Paris 1991. * Francoise Picq, '' Women's Liberation, the year-Movement '', Paris, Threshold, 1993. * Antoinette Fouque, '' two sexes '', Paris, Gallimard, 1995 and 2004 ago (review and increased). * Monique Wittig, '' Paris-the-policy and other stories '', P.O.L., 1999. * Muriel Rouyer '' Of the M.L.F to the parity: routes of French feminism '', Universalis encyclopedia, Universalia, 2002. * '' the Century of Feminisms '', under the direction of Eliane Gubin, foreword of Michelle Perrot, editions of the Workshop, 2004. * Namascar Shaktini (Margaret Stephenson), '' One Monique Wittig '', University off Illinois Near, 2005. * Anne Zelensky-Tristan, '' Histoire of living, Memories of a feminist '', Calmann-Levy, Paris 2005. * Bibia Pavard, '' Editions of the women, history of the first years (1972-1979) '', foreword of Jean-François Sirinelli, Paris, Harmattan, 2005. * '' Mémoire of women: For 30 years of the women have published, 1974-2004 '', Of the women, third edition, 2006. * Antoinette Fouque, '' Gravidanza '', Féminologie II, Paris, Of the women, 2007. * Severine Auffret, '' Séminaire of history of the feminist ideas '' popular Université of Caen. ===Documentaire=== * '' Debout! A history of the Liberation movement of the women '' (1999), documentary realized by Carole Roussopoulos [" project; To testify for the féminisme" launched by association Files of Feminism]. ==Notes and références== {{Gate women}} [[Category: French association or egalitarian organization]] [[be: Movimiento de Liberación of mow Mujeres
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