General standard
The liability is an identifiable element (separable activities, likely to be transferred and evaluated with a satisfactory reliability) of the inheritance having a negative economic value for the company, i.e. an obligation of the entity with regard to a third of which it is probable or certain that it will cause an exit of resources for the benefit of this third, without awaited at least equivalent counterpart this one.
In accountancy
The passive gathers in General ledger the resources at the disposal of the company (from which the money comes). These resources finance the Actif. The liability corresponds to the right part of the Bilan.
according to the international standards
The liability is broken up into three principal categories:
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the stockholders' equity
emitted
The emitted capital is the sum of the financial resources external representative of the property right of associated or shareholders without bill book of refunding.
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Passive not currents
The liability not running will not be regulated within the framework of the normal cycle of the exploitation, and not in the 12 months for the financial debts whose expiry is higher than 12 months.
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Passive currents
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the debts suppliers
- the Provision S
- the loans and discovered
- the Provision S
The liability running will be regulated within the framework of the normal cycle of the exploitation, or in the 12 months for the financial debts whose expiry is lower than 12 months.
No class is imposed on the international one.
according to the plane French accountant
The liability breaks up into two principal categories:
Located in top of the liability of the assessment, this capital corresponds to stable resources for the company. One finds there:
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the Capital (or “authorized capital” for a company), corresponding to the contributions of the owner, associated or the shareholders.
- the Reserve S, corresponding to the not distributed share of the profits for the last years (divided into 3 kinds of reserves: " légales" , " réglementées" , " statutory or contractuelles").
- the Bottom line, which can be a benefit or a loss (in this last case, affected of the negative sign, since it constitutes a reduction in the resources)
- the Reserve S, corresponding to the not distributed share of the profits for the last years (divided into 3 kinds of reserves: " légales" , " réglementées" , " statutory or contractuelles").
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the Debt S (certain accounts of class 1 and 4)
They constitute resources for the company. One distinguishes:
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Debts at more than one year corresponding to the loans obtained from finance companies, like the debentures.
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Debts related to the operating cycle of the company: debts towards the suppliers, the personnel, the tax department, the social welfare…
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Debts corresponding to the bank overdrafts
In finance
The presentation of the liability in the form of the international standards simplifies the analysis of the treasury (analyzes functional) because the passive ones are classified by order increasing current liability without needing to carry out important reprocessings.
The functional analysis of the assessment according to the French standards results after reprocessings in gathering the debts with length and medium term and the stockholders' equity of the company in a unit called “invested capital” (or stable Capitaux).
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