Li Lisan - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Li Lisan (李立三, pinyin Lǐ Lìsān) (March 1899 - June 22nd 1967) was a Chinese Communist leader and the General secretary of the Chinese Communist party (PCC) of 1928 to 1930.

Origins

Li was born in Liling in the province from the Hunan in 1899, under the name of Li Rongzhi. His/her father was a traditional teacher who taught many traditional poems to him. In 1915 it went to Changsha to continue its studies with the college. It saw there an advertisement in a newspaper which was written by a student of the first teacher training school of Changsha which signed with the pseudonym of 28 features . Li came to the meeting from this person who was not other than Mao Zedong. Later, Li joined the army of the local lord of the war of the Hunan. One of the commander of division, Cheng Qian （程潜), sponsored Li to follow studies to Beijing.

When Li was found in Beijing, he asked to go to study in France and arrived there in 1920. He worked at semi time like founder in a boiler making to pay his studies. Its Master was a member of the Communist party, under the influence of which Li started to accept the Communisme and to take part in activities of fight to defend the rights of the Chinese workers in France. In 1921, Li was expelled of France towards China with a hundred of other Chinese by the French authorities.

When Li returned to Shanghai, it was presented to Chen Duxiu to join the PCC. The party provides him the occasion to organize the workers of the coal mine of Anyuan. Being the most important trade union official, Li recruited many members for the PCC and improved its organization. With the end of the year 1924, there were 900 members of the PCC in China including 300 with the coal mine of Anyuan. It is at that time that Li showed its talent of organizer and trade unionist, with Liu Shaoqi, which became later its assistant.

In 1926, Li went to Wuhan, the working center of China to direct the trade union movement. Although Xiang Zhongfa which was to become later the General secretary of the Chinese Communist party, was the chief at that time, Li was in fact that which drew the strings. In 1927, after the rupture of alliance between the Guomindang and the PCC, Li was the first to propose the Soulèvement of Nanchang against the GMD. Although this rising appeared imprudent and badly planned and that its failure was inevitable, it made it possible Li to be placed in a central role of the PCC.

General secretary

In March 1928, at the time of the sixth congress of the PCC in Moscow, Xiang, old friendly of Li, was elected member of the Politburo and General secretary of the Chinese Communist party, with the support of the Komintern and the Soviet Union. During the reign of Xiang, Li Lisan played an increasingly important part. When Xiang returned Cai, it chooses Li to replace it and this last became one of the four members of Politburo and Minister for the propaganda of the PCC in October 1928. When the office of the Far East of the Comintern emitted an order against the antione and condemned the PCC to be ineffective in this direction in 1929, Xiang was opposed to this decision by specifying that Li was a suitable candidate to do the work of communication. When Xiang sent Zhou Enlai to Moscow for fuller explanations, Li replaced Zhou in the tasks of organization, which enabled him to show its talents.

When Xiang knew the decision of the Comintern on the antione, he claimed that the Chinese revolution was with its climax. Li turned this blindness in an extremism, which was later called the road of Lisan, appealing for a revolt armed in the cities and an extension with the revolution in the worldwide. From 1930, the road of Lisan was ripe with the support of Xiang. The PCC gave up the go concern managed by the seat with the profit of divisions in all the provinces with a preparation of an overall revolt in October. But the Comintern expressed its dissension by saying that it established of the policy by which the PCC should only concentrate on revolts in one or more provinces. Xiang supported Li by considering that it was the moment to make the Chinese revolution. After several exchanges, the tension went up between Xiang and the Comintern. Suspicions and the critics of the PCC towards the Comintern seemed a treachery with the eyes of the EEC the last.

With the extremism and the blindness of the road of Lisan, the PCC suffered from heavy losses. In July 1930, the communist army under the Li Lisan command captured Changsha in the province of Hunan, but the forces of the GMD inflicted a defeat later to him a few days. And risings in the other cities were quickly repressed by the GMD. Kominterm returned qu Qiubai and Zhou Enlai to China to apply its policies, and the 28 Bolsheviks were returned by their mentor to deal with the Chinese revolution. They seized this occasion to denounce Li. Xiang and Li did not carry out the danger and criticized these young immature students deeply. Then Kominterm sent a telegram to require of Li to go to Moscow to make its self-criticism. Pavel Mif went to Shanghai like emissary of Kominterm. Under the direction of Mif, the fourth full session of the sixth national congress of the PCC saw the Li replacement by protected from Mif, Wang Ming and its companions of the group of the 28 Bolsheviks.

Exile

Li from went away to Moscow to make its self-criticism. During the fifteen years when it remained there it suffered from many reprimands, criticisms and purgings. The Communist party of Soviet Union refused its adhesion like member. When Wang Ming and Kang Sheng returned to Moscow like representatives of the PCC at Kominterm, they persecuted Li by all the possible ways. The only Li consolation was to find in Soviet Union the woman with whom it passed the remainder of its life.

Return in China

Mao, on the other hand, did not forget it. He made it elect member of the central committee of the PCC during the seventh national congress of the PCC with Yan' year. In 1946, Li turned over to China, initially in Mandchourie, where he worked for the local division of the PCC as Minister for the department of work of the city. At the time of the irruption of the Chinese civil war, Li was named representing as a chief of the PCC near the council of arbitration which included/understood members of the GMD and representatives of the United States.

After the establishment of the Popular republic of China in 1949, Li turned over where he was expert. It was named Minister for Labor to direct the trade unions. Li was devoted to an old cause and brought principles of democratic management in industry.

But with the rupture between China and the Soviet Union in the years 1960, the Li life became increasingly hard. Although his Russian wife accepted Chinese nationality to show her honesty with her husband, it did not have any means of simplifying its situation. During the Cultural revolution, Kang Sheng did not save any effort to denounce its former rival. Li was labelled like agent of the Soviet Union and was tortured by the red guards physically and mentally. Incompetent to face this humiliation, Li committed suicide by absorbing sleeping pills after having written a will for Mao.

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