Leyden jar
See also: Leyde (homonymy)
The Leyden jar is the ancestor of the condensing . It was carried out the first time in 1745 in the town of Leyde (or Leiden) in the Netherlands by Pieter van Musschenbroek, Allaman and Cuneus which tried to electrify the Eau contained in a bottle.
The first application of this condenser was to give commotions (electric shocks or electrification S) to the public in the fairs.
Description
The Leyden jar is a condenser formed of two conducting S separated by glass from the bottle. The first driver generally consists of a higher electrode, connected to sheets in tin crumpled contained in the bottle by a small chain. The second driver is formed by a metal sheet wrapping the bottle. The interior and external faces store a electric Charge equal but of opposite sign.The original bottle consisted of a bottle out of glass covered with a sheeting metal and accidentally containing impure Eau acting like a driver, connected by a chain to a metal Sphère. The initial assumption was that electricity was stored in water. It was discovered then that the loads accumulate on surfaces in opposite, separated by the Verre, forming a Diélectrique and that the liquid could be replaced by metal sheets connected to the electrode by a conducting stem. The loads are stored on the surface of the elements, at the border with the Diélectrique. More the dielectric one is fine and thus more space between the plates is mean, plus the load accumulable with a Tension given is important.
The development of the Condensateur revealed S.A. that the materials of dielectric are not critical but could influence the electric Capacité and limit the electric arcs between the plates (tension of Claquage). Two plates separated by a weak interval act like a condenser, even in the Vide.
Initially, the measuring unit of the capacity was the bottle, about equivalent to 1 nF.
History
The Greek antiques employed balls of Ambre which they rubbed to produce of the spark S. It is the effect Triboélectrique, mechanical separation of load in dielectric. Their work was necessary to the development of the Leyden jar.
About 1650, Otto von Guericke built a generating primitive with friction - a ball of Soufre turning at high speed on an axis. When Guericke posed its hand on the ball and turned the axis quickly, a load of static electricity accumulated. In 1745, another German, Ewald Jürgen Georg von Kleist, found a method to store this load. It rolled up a silver foil around a bottle out of glass, and charged the sheet using a generator with friction. Kleist was convinced that a substantial load could be accumulated when it received a significant electric shock. This invention continued to be known under the name of Leyden jar because in 1746, Pieter van Musschenbroek of the university of Leyde, Netherlands, make in an independent way the same discovery. Musschenbroek makes known with the scientific world the properties of the apparatus, consequently of what the device was baptized name of Leyde, the birthplace of the university. Daniel Gralath was the first to combine several bottles in parallel in a " batterie" to increase full capacity.
See also
- Condensing
- electrostatic Electricity
- Machine
External bonds
- Photographs of Leyden jars
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