See also: Leyde (homonymy)

Leyde (in Dutch Leiden or very seldom Leyden , pre-normative orthography) is the fifth provincial town of Holland-Southerner to the Netherlands. She is located between Amsterdam and $the Hague, with ten kilometers of the coast of the the North Sea. At February 1st 2005, the common included/understood 118  340 inhabitants and his Agglomeration, 290  000.

The key S which are reproduced on the blazon of the city, are the keys of the paradise of holy Pierre, owner of the city.

The city is known for its Université, the Université of Leyde, its windmills, its Château and its political newspaper of the 18th century, the Gazette of Leyde .

The garden of flowers of plants with bulb Keukenhof is also located near the city.

History

Foundation

Leyde is a Roman city of the 1st century, but its exact origin is not certain. Two Roman cities dispute this privilège : Lugdunum Batavorum , a Roman camping with the fontière of the Empire and Leithen . If the presence of a camp of great importance is proven, mainly by the discovery with the beginnings of the year 1990 of the channel Corbulo , sliced 28 kilometers length and 15 meters broad which connects the Old man the Rhine (Leyde) to the estuary of the river Maas (Naaldwijk). It is certainly about the current city of Katwijk.

Leithen before claiming with the statute of city was only one whole of some farms located between Breestraat (main street nowadays) which was a dam of protection and the channel Rapenburg . There the oldest cœr of the city with the construction of the church Saint Pierre is thus located. The fact that Breestraat was a dam is still visible because the town hall east built on the point highest of the city (except for the fort of Burcht which was artificially elevated).

Expansion

To the 20th century, the city extends to the North-West and one builds with cross of the Rhine Old man ( Oude Rijn ) and of the New Rhine ( Nieuwe Rijn ) particularly strategic site the fort of Burcht to defend the city. Initially built out of wood, it will take its current stone aspect during the 12th century. At the same time one second church is built just at side.

But it is at the 17th century that Leyde knows a strong period of growth. The city thrives and is strengthened, that corresponds very exactly to the current center town. At that time however of many streets do not exist because the city developed an important canal system what is worth to him the name of Venice Dutchwoman . These channels will be filled mainly at the 19th century at the same time for medical reasons and to face the increase in the traffic.

Structure

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