The lexeme is the lexical Morphème of a lemma, i.e. a unit of direction and sound which is not functional or dérivationnelle. The lexeme returns to an abstract concept or concretes independent of the situation of communication.
It is a radical Synonyme with in the majority of the case, especially used within the framework of lexicology in Synchronie. Indeed, diachroniquement, radical and lexeme can not coincide (to consult Radical ).
Dependant and free radical lexemes
The same lexeme is present in all the Forme S of the same term fléchissable: to like , likes , liked , liked or liked are forms different from the same lexeme aim- , which is a radical here. One speaks in this case about a dependant lexeme : there does not exist free form of the lexeme aim- : each one is obligatorily made up of a radical and a Morphème (like a pleasant suffix of derivation in , a Désinence in to like ).By opposition, there exist free lexemes like choice, which meet only in only one form, or food , which, although variable, can be quoted in this form. The free lexemes can constitute a sentence alone: Comment is it? Small .
It is seen whereas words like the , of , it or yesterday are not lexemes, although free: it is many grammatical morphemes, which is dependant on other terms of the sentence or the situation of communication (it is the case for yesterday : “ yesterday compared to the moment when I speak”).
The free lexemes are included in the category of the lemmas at the side of the other free morphemes (for the concept of lemma , the distinction lexeme ~ morpheme thus does not count).
Terminology
The concepts of lemma and lexeme are employed in a very variable way according to the linguists and their school of thought. For some, which one names here lexeme corresponds to the definition which one gives in this encyclopedia to the lemma . Even if the terminology adopted here is contestable, one uses lexeme and lemma in this manner:- the lemma is the autonomous unit of the lexicon;
- the lexeme is constituent lexical the, autonomous one or not, of a lemma.
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